FEI Banned & Controlled Substances for Horses: List of Performance-Enhancing Drugs

Q: What are FEI prohibited substances for horses?

FEI prohibited substances for horses are medications, drugs, supplements, and other ingredients that are restricted in FEI competition. FEI banned substances are never permitted in a competition horse, either in or out of competition, because they are considered to have no legitimate use in that setting or a high potential for abuse. FEI controlled substances may have accepted therapeutic uses, but they still cannot be present in the horse during competition and must be withdrawn in advance.

Q: What is the difference between a banned substance and a controlled medication in FEI competition?

The difference between a banned substance and a controlled medication in FEI competition is that banned substances are never allowed in the horse at any time, while controlled medications may be used for legitimate veterinary treatment but must be stopped early enough to clear the horse’s system before competition. This distinction matters because horse owners may legally use some medications for treatment at home, but they are still responsible for ensuring those substances are not detectable at the event.

Q: Can my horse compete in FEI events if it was treated with a controlled medication?

Yes, your horse can compete if it was treated with a controlled medication, but only if the medication was withdrawn early enough before the FEI event. A horse owner should work closely with their veterinarian to determine an appropriate withdrawal time based on the horse, the product used, the dose, and the competition schedule. Giving a controlled medication too close to the event can still result in a positive test, even when the treatment itself was medically justified.

Q: Can supplements cause a positive drug test in FEI horses?

Yes, supplements can cause a positive drug test in FEI horses if they contain prohibited ingredients or undisclosed compounds. Supplements, herbal products, topical products, and feeds are not automatically safe just because they are sold for horses or labeled as natural. A horse owner should review every ingredient carefully and confirm that each product is appropriate for a horse competing under FEI rules before feeding or applying it.

Q: Are herbal or natural ingredients allowed in FEI competition horses?

Herbal or natural ingredients are not automatically allowed in FEI competition horses. A natural ingredient can still contain biologically active compounds that affect pain, behavior, inflammation, breathing, circulation, or recovery, which may place it on the FEI prohibited list or create a testing risk. Horse owners should not assume a product is safe simply because it is plant-based, traditional, or marketed as natural support.

Q: What happens if my horse tests positive for a banned substance at an FEI event?

If your horse tests positive for a banned substance at an FEI event, the horse may be eliminated from competition and the case can lead to sanctions, loss of ranking, and public notification. A positive finding is taken seriously because FEI banned substances are considered incompatible with fair play and horse welfare. For horse owners and riders, that means even accidental exposure can carry significant competitive and reputational consequences.

Q: How can I check if a medication or ingredient is allowed before an FEI competition?

The best way to check if a medication or ingredient is allowed before competition is to review the FEI Equine Prohibited Substances List and consult your veterinarian before giving the product. A horse owner should verify not only the main ingredient, but also combination ingredients, alternate names, and trade names that may appear on labels. This is especially important when using imported products, compounded medications, or supplements with long ingredient panels.

Q: Why does the FEI regulate medications and substances in horses?

The FEI regulates medications and substances in horses to protect horse welfare and preserve fair competition. Some substances can mask pain, reduce inflammation, change behavior, increase stamina, or otherwise allow a horse to perform in ways that may be unsafe or unfair. For horse owners, these rules are intended to support both ethical competition and the long-term health of the horse.

Q: Do FEI prohibited substance withdrawal times guarantee that my horse will test negative?

No, withdrawal times do not guarantee that your horse will test negative at an FEI event because individual horses can process substances differently. Factors such as dose, duration of use, metabolism, age, body weight, health status, and the specific event timeline can all affect how long a substance remains detectable. A horse owner should treat withdrawal guidance as a minimum precaution and involve their veterinarian when planning treatment close to competition.

Q: Can accidental exposure to FEI prohibited substances happen in horses?

Yes, accidental exposure to an FEI prohibited substance can happen through supplements, feed contamination, topical products, stable products, or medications given without checking current competition rules. This is one reason FEI competitors are encouraged to be cautious with every product used around the horse. For horse owners, careful label review, good record keeping, and veterinary guidance are important steps in reducing the risk of an unintentional violation.

Equestrian sports lie at the heart of modern horsemanship, with nearly all horses participating in some form of competition during their lifetimes. From dressage and racing to eventing and show jumping, a broad spectrum of organizations governs these disciplines around the world, with each maintaining its own rules and standards.

Across every equestrian sport, the commitment to keeping horses safe and ensuring fair play is a top priority. To protect the health of equine athletes and maintain a level playing field, sport authorities strictly regulate the use of performance-enhancing drugs and substances.

The Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) designates which medications and supplements fall under controlled or banned categories for the sports it oversees.

In this article, we will explore the FEI's Equine Prohibited Substances List (EPSL), explain their purpose, and highlight the importance of adherence to these rules. Whether you are a rider, trainer, or veterinarian, understanding these regulations is essential to ensuring ethical competition and promoting the welfare of horses worldwide.

Horse owners and caretakers should always check the FEI website before administering medications or other substances to an equine athlete competing at FEI events. If your discipline is not governed by the FEI, contact your local sports organization for more information about the rules and regulations for your sport.

FEI Banned and Controlled Substances for Horses

The FEI's Equine Prohibited Substances List (EPSL) are medications, drugs, and supplements identified as prohibited for use in horses participating in FEI-regulated events.

These substances are outlined in the FEI’s Prohibited Substances Database, which is updated regularly and separated into two main categories: ^[1]

Banned substances: These substances are deemed by the FEI to have no legitimate use for any reason at any time in competition horses and/or have a high potential for abuse. They are not permitted in the horse at any time, whether in or out of competition.
Controlled medications: These substances often have therapeutic or commonly accepted uses in equine medicine but also have the potential to affect performance or pose a welfare risk. If used, they must be withdrawn from the horse’s system within a certain timeframe before entering competition.

Use of both banned substances and controlled medications is prohibited during sanctioned events. Any substance with a similar chemical structure or effect on the horse is also banned. ^[1]

For substances categorized by the FEI as banned, no use is ever considered legitimate. Horses that test positive for these performance-enhancing drugs are eliminated from competition and subject to: ^[1]

Sanctions
Loss of ranking
Public notification

For controlled medication, each has a specific withdrawal time that must be observed prior to competition. This means substances in this category cannot be administered to the horse for a certain period before an FEI event. ^[1]

Withdrawal times are based on the detection time plus a margin of error: ^[2]

Detection time: The period during which the drug or its byproducts stay in the horse's system and are detectable in urine or blood samples.
Withdrawal time: The detection time plus a safety margin determined by the attending veterinarian for each individual horse. This period varies depending on factors such as the horse's weight, age, and the sport in which it is competing. This is the amount of time required from the last administration of the substance before the beginning of competition.

Since some substances can be ingested accidentally, elective testing is available at approved laboratories to help horse owners and other individuals understand whether their horse is allowed to compete. A list of these laboratories is available on the FEI website. ^[1]

Treating veterinarians can also advise on which substances are prohibited and the respective withdrawal times required. ^[1]

Competitors and horse owners should be aware that supplements and other products — including topical treatments — may contain unknown ingredients that could lead to rule violations. ^[1] Even high-quality products can include specific ingredients that are disallowed in certain disciplines.

Purchasing feed and supplements from reputable suppliers, such as Mad Barn, is recommended to avoid the risk of unintentional contamination. Always check labels and consult with a veterinarian or your governing body to ensure compliance.

Safety & Fair Play

Restrictions on the use of certain drugs and substances are in place to encourage fair play and promote horse welfare. Altering a horse's abilities through use of prohibited substances compromises the horse's safety and puts them at risk for complications and adverse side effects. ^[3]

Doping also erodes the integrity of the sport as a whole and diminishes the achievements of equine athletes who are competing without artificial enhancements. ^[3]

Fédération Équestre Internationale

The Fédération Équestre Internationale (FEI) is the international governing body for English equestrian sports. Recognized by the International Olympic Committee, the FEI supervises and regulates various disciplines, ensuring consistent standards around the world.

Disciplines overseen by the FEI include:

The FEI also provides oversight of horse welfare, promoting best practices in training, competition, and veterinary care.

One key responsibility of the FEI is publishing and regularly updating a prohibited substances database, made available for riders, trainers, horse owners, caretakers, and veterinarians to consult when making medical decisions for competition horses. ^[1]

It’s important to remember that rules evolve as new evidence and research come to light. Each competitor is responsible for staying up to date with the most current regulations applicable to their sport and competition jurisdiction. ^[1]

FEI Banned and Controlled Substances List

Search the database below for more information about banned and controlled substances in FEI-regulated equestrian sport.

This database was generated using the 2025 FEI Equine Prohibited Substances List. Always check the current regulations for your sport before giving your horse medication. Alternate, chemical, and trade names for medications are included in parentheses. Trade names may or may not be registered trademarks.

Drug Name(s)	Drug Class*	FEI Status	Details
Ketamine (Ketajet, Vetalar, Ketanest, Ketaset, Ketalar)	Anesthetic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relieve pain and cause dissociation between the mind and the body. ^[5] Common component of general anesthetic protocols in horses. ^[72] May affect performance by masking pain and increasing stress tolerance. ^[72] Detection time is 48 hours in other species, no specific detection time is listed by the FEI. ^[2]^[72]
Naproxen (Apranax, Flanax, Floxalin, Madaprox, Naixan, Napren, Naprogesic, Naprosyn, Novo-Naprox, Synflex, Xenar)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Ketoprofen - 96 hours Others not listed ^[2]
Enalapril	ACE Inhibitor	Banned	Used to treat high blood pressure in humans and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses. ^[5] Not to be used in or out of competition due to high risk to the horse and significant performance impact. ^[4] May affect performance by improving cardiac function and reducing heart strain. ^[42]
Enalaprilat	ACE Inhibitor	Banned	Used to treat high blood pressure in humans and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses. ^[5] Not to be used in or out of competition due to high risk to the horse and significant performance impact. ^[4] May affect performance by improving cardiac function and reducing heart strain. ^[42]
Lisinopril	ACE Inhibitor	Banned	Used to treat high blood pressure in humans and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses. ^[5] Not to be used in or out of competition due to high risk to the horse and significant performance impact. ^[4] May affect performance by improving cardiac function and reducing heart strain. ^[42]
Moexipril	ACE Inhibitor	Banned	Used to treat high blood pressure in humans and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses. ^[5] Not to be used in or out of competition due to high risk to the horse and significant performance impact. ^[4] May affect performance by improving cardiac function and reducing heart strain. ^[42]
Perindoprilat	ACE Inhibitor	Banned	Used to treat high blood pressure in humans and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses. ^[5] Not to be used in or out of competition due to high risk to the horse and significant performance impact. ^[4] May affect performance by improving cardiac function and reducing heart strain. ^[42]
Perindopri	ACE Inhibitor	Banned	Used to treat high blood pressure in humans and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racehorses. ^[5] Not to be used in or out of competition due to high risk to the horse and significant performance impact. ^[4] May affect performance by improving cardiac function and reducing heart strain. ^[42]
Captopril (Capoten, Capolen)	ACE Inhibitor	Controlled	Used therapeutically in humans to treat high blood pressure. ^[97] May affect performance by improving cardiac function and reducing stress on the heart. ^[97]
Ammonium Chloride NH4CI	Acidifying Agent	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to increase the acidity of urine to manage urinary disorders. ^[12] May affect performance by treating underlying urinary disease. ^[12]
Disulfiram	Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat alcoholism in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by inducing behavioral changes. ^[12]
Xylometazoline (Otrivine)	Alpha Adrenergic Agonist	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis. ^[12] May affect performance by improving airflow through the nasal passages. ^[12]
Atipamezole (Antisedan, Revertor)	Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist	Controlled	Used to reverse the effects of alpha-2 agonist sedatives. ^[5] May affect performance by reversing the effects of a previous sedation event that was used to improve performance, preventing officials from flagging the horse due to behavioral changes. ^[5] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Piperoxan	Alpha Adrenergic Blocker	Banned	Used to treat high blood pressure in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. ^[12]
Terazocin/Terazosin (Hytrin)	Alpha Adrenergic Blocker	Banned	Used to treat high blood pressure in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow and oxygen delivery to tissues. ^[12]
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid/GABA (Carolina Gold)	Amino Acid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Natural substance produced within the brain and central nervous system. ^[12] May affect performance when elevated by producing a sedative and anti-anxiety effect. ^[12]
Xylometazoline (Otrivine)	Alpha Adrenergic Agonist	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat nasal congestion and allergic rhinitis. ^[12] May affect performance by improving airflow through the nasal passages. ^[12]
Atipamezole (Antisedan, Revertor)	Alpha Adrenergic Antagonist	Controlled	Used to reverse the effects of alpha-2 agonist sedatives. ^[5] May affect performance by reversing the effects of a previous sedation event that was used to improve performance, preventing officials from flagging the horse due to behavioral changes. ^[5] No detection times listed. ^[2]
1-Androsterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
3β-Hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
4-Chloromethandienone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
5α-Androst-2-ene-17one	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
5α-Androstane-3α, 17α-diol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
5α-Androstane-3α, 17β-diol (dihydroandrosterone)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
5α-Androstane-3β, 17α-diol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
5α-Androstane-3β, 17β-diol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
5β-Androstane-3α, 17β-diol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
7α-Hydroxy-DHEA	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
7β-Hydroxy-DHEA	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
7-Keto-DHEA	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
17-Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
17-Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate (Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate, Hydroxyprogesterone Hexanoate)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
19-Norandrosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
19-Noretiocholanolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
20-Hydroxyecdysone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Δ1-Testosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
AICAR	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Anabolic Steroid Ester	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Andarine (SARM S4, S4 Andarine)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Androstanolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Androstenediol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Androstenedione	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Androsterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Bolandiol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Bolasterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Boldenone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5] The anabolic steroid boldenone is a threshold substance, meaning low levels that might occur naturally are permitted. Measurements under 0.015 micrograms per milliliter of urine from stallions are deemed acceptable. ^[4]
Boldione	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Calusterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Clostebol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Danazol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Dehydrochloromethyl-testosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Dehydrochlorotestosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Desoxymethyltestosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Desoxyvinyl-testosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Dromostanolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Drostanolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Epi-dihydrotestosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Epiternbolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Epitestosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Estranediol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Ethylestrenol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Etiocholanolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Fluoxymesterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Formebolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Furazabol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Furazadrol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Gestrinone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
GW1516/GW501516 (Endurobol, Cardarine)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Halodrol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Hydroxytestosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
LGD-4033	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Madol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Mestanolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Mesterolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Methandienone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Methandriol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Methandrostenolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Methasterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Methenolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Methyldienolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Methylnortestosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Methyltestosterone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Methyltrienolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Mibolerone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Nandrolone/Nortestosterone (Deca-Durabolin, Durabolin, Laurabolin, Nandrolin)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Norbolethone (Genabol)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Norandrostenediol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Norandrostenedione (19-N-Andro, Bolandione, Proven Pure 19-Norandrostenedione)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Norclostebol (Anabol 4-19)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Norethandrolone (Nilevar)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Normethandrolone (Orga-Steron)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Oxabolone (Steranabol Depot, Steranabol Ritardo)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Oxandrolone (Oxandrin)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Oxyguno	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Oxymesterone (Anamidol)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Oxymetholone (Adroyd, Anadrol, Anadroyd, Anapolon, Anasteron, Anasteronal, Nastenon, Pardroyd, Plenastril, Synasteron, Zenalosyn)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Paramethadione	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Prasterone (Intrarosa)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Prostanozol	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Quinbolone (Anabolicum Vister)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
RAD140	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
SARM LGD-4033	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
SARM YK-11	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
SARM S-4	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Stanozolol (Winstrol, Sungate, Stargate)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5] Zero tolerance on use, administration, trafficking or possession of stanozolol, leading to a 2 year ban. ^[62]
Stenbolone (Anatrofin)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Testosterone (Andriol, Androderm, Androgel, Androtardyl, Intrinsa, Striant, Testogel, Testopatch, Testoviron)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Tetrahydrogestrinone (THG)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Thymosin/Synthetic fragments (TB500)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Tibolone (Livial)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Trena	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Trenbolone (Finaplix)	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
Trestolone	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
YK-11	Anabolic Steroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4]^[62] May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5]
17-Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate	Anabolic Steroid	Controlled	May affect performance by increasing muscle mass and strength. ^[5] Completely banned in male horses, controlled in female horses
Cafedrine	Analeptic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as a stimulant to treat low blood pressure. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing blood pressure and oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Acetanilid/Acetanilide	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Acetophenetidin (Phenacetin)	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Bucetin	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Diflunisal	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Epibatidine	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Flupirtine	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Isomethadone	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Nefopam (Acupan)	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Phenazone (Aurafair Otic, Auralgicin, auraltone, Sedaural, Tympagesic)	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Phenazopyridine (Azodine, Phenazo, Pyridacil, Pyridium, Pyridium, Pyronium, Urogesic, Uropyrine)	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Tramadol (Zamadol, Zydol, Ryzolt, Ultram, Tramal)	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Venoms	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Zicotinide/Ziconitide (Prialt, SNX111)	Analgesic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[4]^[6]^[7] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[73]
Acetaminophen/Paracetamol (Anacin3, Mersyndol, Panadol, Pardale-V, Syndol, Tempra, Tylenol)	Analgesic	Controlled	Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[98]^[99]^[100]^[101] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[98]^[99]^[100]^[101] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Harpagoside/Devil's Claw (NoBute, Devil's Relief, Nil-Bute)	Analgesic	Controlled	Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[98]^[99]^[100]^[101] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[98]^[99]^[100]^[101] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Palmitoylethanolamid (PEA)	Analgesic	Controlled	Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[98]^[99]^[100]^[101] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[98]^[99]^[100]^[101] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Pitcher Plant Extract (Sarapin)	Analgesic	Controlled	Used therapeutically for pain management. ^[98]^[99]^[100]^[101] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[98]^[99]^[100]^[101] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Alphadolone acetate	Anesthetic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. ^[14]^[102]^[103] May affect performance by increasing stress tolerance. ^[102]
Althesin/Alfaxolone (Safan, Alfaxan)	Anesthetic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. ^[14]^[102]^[103] May affect performance by increasing stress tolerance. ^[102]
Phencyclidine	Anesthetic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. ^[14]^[102]^[103] May affect performance by increasing stress tolerance. ^[102]
Propanidid (Epontol)	Anesthetic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. ^[14]^[102]^[103] May affect performance by increasing stress tolerance. ^[102]
Propofol (Rapinovet, PropoFlo)	Anesthetic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. ^[14]^[102]^[103] May affect performance by increasing stress tolerance. ^[102]
Tiletamine (Telazol)	Anesthetic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. ^[14]^[102]^[103] May affect performance by increasing stress tolerance. ^[102]
Amyl Nitrate	Angina Treatment	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat chest pain in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow to the heart. ^[12]
Nifedipine (Adalat, Nical, Nifedipin, Procardia)	Angina Treatment	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat chest pain in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow to the heart. ^[12]
Trimetazidine (Vastarel)	Angina Treatment	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat chest pain in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow to the heart. ^[12]
Diethylpropion	Anorectics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat obesity by inducing appetite suppression. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing blood pressure and increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Mazindol	Anorectics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat obesity by inducing appetite suppression. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing blood pressure and increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Aprindine	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Bretylium	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Digitoxin	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Disopyramide	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Diltiazem (Acalix, Altiazem, Angizem, Britiazim, Calcicard, Diladel, Diltiazem, Hart, Herbesser, Incoril, Masdil, Presoquin, Tilazem, Tildiem, Zilden)	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Flecainide	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Ibutilide	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Lidoflazine	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Mexiletine	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Nadoxolol (Bradyl)	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Pronethalol (Alderlin, Nethalide)	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Propafenone (Arythmol, Rhythmol)	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Sparteine (Despasan, Spartopan)	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Verapamil (Cordilox, Zolvera, Verelan, Calan)	Antiarrhythmics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[14]
Amiodarone (Pacerone tablets, Nexterone injection, Cordarone-X injection, Amiodarone HCI tablets)	Antiarrhythmics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[42] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Digoxin (Cardigox, Cardiogoxin, Cardioreg, Coragoxine, Digacin, Digivern, Digomal, Digitek, Eudigox, Lanacordin, Lanachrist, Lanicor, Lanorale, Lanoxin, Lanoxicaps, Lanoxine, Natigoxin, Novodigal, Prodigox)	Antiarrhythmics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[42] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Procainamide	Antiarrhythmics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[42] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Quinidine (Biquin, Chinidin, Kiditard, Kinichron, Kinidin, Kinidin Durules, Kinidine, Longachin, Longacor, Quinaglute, Quinidine, Quinobarb, Solfachinid, Systodin)	Antiarrhythmics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat cardiac arrhythmias. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing the force and efficiency of the heart's contractions, or by allowing horses with heart arrhythmias to perform when they may be unable to otherwise. ^[42] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Anisotropine	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Benactyzine	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Benapyrzine	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Benztropine	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Biperiden	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Caramiphen	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Clidinium	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Cyclopentolate	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Cycrimine	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Deptropine	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Ethopropazine	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Hexocyclium	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Isopropamide	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Mepenzolate	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Methantheline	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Methylatropine	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Methscopolamine/Methyl Scopolamine (Pamine)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42] Scopolamine detection time is 24 hours.
Oxyphencyclimine	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Oxyphencyclimine (Daricon)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Oxyphenonium (Antrenyl, Argicillin, Endiform, DCF Oxyphenonium, Spastrex)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Pipenzolate (Expal, Piper, Piptal, Pipzen)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Piperidione (Ascron, Sedilan, Sedulon, Tusseval)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Piperidolate (Dactil, Crapinon, Edelel)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Piperiodolate	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Procyclidine (Arpicolin, Kemadrin)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Scopolamine/Hyoscine (Transderm-scop, Scopoderm)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Trihexylphenidyl/Trihexyphenidyl (Broflex, Benzhexol)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat a variety of conditions in humans, from urinary incontinence to cardiovascular disease to respiratory disease. ^[14]^[107] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulate opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Atropin (Atropine, Atro Ofteno, Atropen, Atropinum, Atropisa, Endotropina, Klonatropina)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat colic and reduce excessive saliva secretion. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulates opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42] No detection times listed for atropine or glycopyrrolate. ^[2]
Butylscopolamine/N-Butyl Scopolamine (Buscopan) Glycopyrrolate (Asecryl, Nodapton, Robinul, Tarodyl, Tarodyn)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat colic and reduce excessive saliva secretion. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulates opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42] No detection times listed for atropine or glycopyrrolate. ^[2]
Propantheline/Propanthelline (Corrigast, Ercorax, Ercoril, Ercotina, Pantheline, Pro-Banthine, Propantel)	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat colic and reduce excessive saliva secretion. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulates opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Tropicamide	Anticholinergics (Antimuscarinics)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat colic and reduce excessive saliva secretion. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing heart rate to increase blood delivery to the muscles. Also stimulates opening of airways, potentially increasing oxygen intake. ^[42]
Galantamine	Anticholinesterases	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treating conditions such as myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease in people. ^[12]^[14] May affect performance by increasing muscle tone and reducing muscle fatigue. ^[14]
Huperzine A (HupA, Selagine)	Anticholinesterases	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treating conditions such as myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease in people. ^[12]^[14] May affect performance by increasing muscle tone and reducing muscle fatigue. ^[14]
Pyridostigmine (Mestinon, Regonol)	Anticholinesterases	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treating conditions such as myasthenia gravis and Alzheimer's disease in people. ^[12]^[14] May affect performance by increasing muscle tone and reducing muscle fatigue. ^[14]
Acenocoumarol	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Anisinidione	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Coroxon	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Coumarin	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Dicumarol	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Diphenadione	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Nicoumalone (Sintrom, Sinthrome)	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Phenindione (Danilone, Dindevan, Emandione, Pindione)	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Phenprocoumon (Liquamar, Marcoumar, Marcumar, Marcuphen, Phenpro)	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Warfarin (Aldocumar, Athrombin, Coumadin, Coumadine, Marevan, Panwarfin, Sofarin, Waran, Warfilone)	Anticoagulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[5]
Ethotoin	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Felbamate	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Fosphenytoin	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Lamotrigine	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Mephenytoin	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Methsuximide	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Oxcarbazepine (Oxaleptal, Trileptal)	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Paraldehyde (Paral)	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Phenacemide (Epiclase, Phenurone, Phetylureum)	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Phensuximide (Milontin, Succitimal)	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Phentermine (Adipex, Duromine, Fastin, Lonamin, Minobese, Omnibex, Panbesy, Phentermine)	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Primidone (Mylepsinum, Mysoline)	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Styramate (Linaxar, Sinaxar)	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Valproate (Epilim, Orlept, Depacon, Depakene)	Anticonvulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to manage seizures. ^[14] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108]
Carbamazepine (Tegretol, Biston)	Anticonvulsants	Controlled	Used in humans and small animals as an anti-epileptic drug, to control neuropathic pain, and as an anti-anxiety medication. ^[4]^[8] Used in cats for neuropathic pain and anti-anxiety medication. May affect performance by increasing stress tolerance and focus. ^[74] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Gabapentin (Aclonium, Gabapentin, Neurontin, Normatol, Novo-Gabapentin)	Anticonvulsants	Controlled	Used in humans and small animals as an anti-epileptic drug, to control neuropathic pain, and as an anti-anxiety medication. ^[4]^[8] Used in cats for neuropathic pain and anti-anxiety medication. May affect performance by increasing stress tolerance and focus. ^[74] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Carbmazepine	Anticonvulsants	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage seizures. [4]^[5] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Phenytoin (Antisacer, Citrullamon, Dantoine, Difhydan, Dilantin, Dintoina, Diphantoine, Epanutin, Epilatine, Labopal, Leyhdan, Pyoredol, Solantyl, Toin Unicelles)	Anticonvulsants	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage seizures. Phenytoin has also been used as an anti-arrhythmic to treat atrial fibrillation in horses. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Pregabalin (Alzain, Axalid, Lecaent, Lyrica)	Anticonvulsants	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage seizures.^[4]^[5] May affect performance through reducing anxiety and stabilizing mood. ^[108] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Amineptine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Amitriptylline	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Amoxapine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Bupropion	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Citalopram	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Clocapramine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Clomipramine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Clothiapine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Desipramine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Dothiepin	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Doxepin	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Duloxetine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Fluoxetine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Flupenthixol	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Fluvoxamine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Imipramine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Iprindole	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Iproniazid	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Isocarboxazid	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Lofepramine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Maprotiline	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Mirtazepine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Nialamide (Niamid, Espril)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Norfluoxetine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Nortryptaline/Nortriptyline (Nortriptyline Hydrochloride, Aventyl, Pamelor, Noritren)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Paroxetine (Aropax, Aroxat, Cebrillin, Deroxat, Eutimil, Paroxetine, Seroxat)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Phenyliprazine	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Protryptaline	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Sertraline (Lustral)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Tofenacin (Elamol, Tofacine)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Trazodone (Beneficat, Desyrel, Molipaxin)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Trimipramine (Surmontil, Stangyl)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Venlafaxine (Efexor)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Viloxazine (Vivalan, Emovit)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Zimeldine (Normud, Zelmid)	Antidepressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage anxiety, compulsive behaviour, depression, and aggression. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and increasing focus. ^[5]
Chlorpropamide	Antidiabetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat type 2 diabetes in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by regulating blood sugar levels in insulin resistant horses. ^[12]
Pipamazine	Antiemetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent vomiting and nausea. ^[12] May affect performance by masking underlying gastrointestinal disorders. ^[12]
Thiethylperazine (Torecan)	Antiemetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent vomiting and nausea. ^[12] May affect performance by masking underlying gastrointestinal disorders. ^[12]
Aminocaproic Acid (Amicar, Caprocid, Hamostat tab, Hamostat inj, Hemocid injection)	Antifibrinolytics	Controlled	Used to reduce bleeding and promote blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by controlling conditions such as exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Tranexamic Acid (Amcacid, Amchafibrin, Amstat, Anvitoff, Carxamin, Cliclokapron, Emorhalt, Exacyl, Frenolyse, Hexapromin, Hexatron, Tranex, Tranexan, Transamin, Transamlon, Ugurol)	Antifibrinolytics	Controlled	Used to reduce bleeding and promote blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by controlling conditions such as exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Aminomethylbenzoic Acid	Antifibrinolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce bleeding and promote blood clotting. ^[5] May affect performance by controlling conditions such as exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[5]
Antazoline Phenazoline (Otrivine, Antistin)	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Azatadine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Benzquinamide	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Bromodiphenhydramine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Buclizine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Carbinoxamine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Chlorcyclizine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Chloropyramine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Chlorproethazine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Cinnarizine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Clemastine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Clemizole	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Clorprenaline	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Cyclizine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Deptropine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Diphenylpyraline	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Embramine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Histapyrrodine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Isothipendyl	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Ketotifen	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Mebhydroline	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Meclizine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Medrylamine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Methapyrilene	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Methdilazine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Orphenadrine (Banflex, Biorphen, Brocasipal, Disipal, Flexon, Mephenamin, Norflex)	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Phenindamine (Nolahist, Thephorin) Phenyltoloxamine (Antin, Bistrimin, Bristamin, Histionex)	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Promethazine (Phenergan, Fargan, Romergan, Promethagan)	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Pyrrobutamine	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Terfenadine (Seldane, Teldane, Triludan)	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Thonzylamine (Neohetramine, Tonamil)	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Triprolidine (Actifed, Sudafed)	Antihistamines	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Brompheniramine (Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, Dimetane)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Cetirizine (Ceterizine, Zytrec, Cetryn, Hitrizin, Setir, Virlix, Ziptek, Zirtek, Zyrlex, Zyrtec)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5] Detection time for cetirizine is 96 hours. Other detection times not listed. ^[2]
Chlorpheniramine (Alerdil, Allergex, Allergican, Apomin, Chlor-Trimeton, Chlorphen-12, Chloropiril, Chlorphenamine, Hayleve, Methyrit, Piriton, Prodel, Teldrin Allergy)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Cromoglicic Acid/Cromoglycate, Cromolyn/Cromoglicate (Alergocrom, Alerion, Colimune, Cromantal, Cromese, Cromoglicin, Cromosol, Cropoz, Dilospir, Fenistil Eye Drops, Flenid, Gastrofrenal, Lomusol, Opticrom, Vividrin)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Cyproheptadine (Apenorm, Cyproheptadine, Cyprono, Cyprosian, Nuran, Periactinol, Periatin, Peritol, Supersan)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Desmethylpyrilamine	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl Original, Benetussin, Broncleer, Cotussin, Dastusin, Delixir, Histodor, Expectorant, Lupihist, Med-Tussin, Relief-Coff)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Doxylamine (Alsadorm, Decapryn, Gittalun, Hoggar N, Mereprine, Sanalepsi N, Sedaplus, Somnil, Unisom-2)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Fexofenadine (Allegra, Fexotabs, Kalicet, Telfast BD)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Hydroxyzine (Alamon, Atara, Ataraxoid, Atarazoid, Atarox, Deinait, Durrax, Equipose, Fasarax, Hychotine, Neo-Calma, Neurozina, Nevrolaks, Pamazone, Paxistil, Placidol, Plaxidol, Tran-Q, Tranquizine, Traquizine, Vesparaz, Vesparaz-Wirkstoff)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Levocabastine (Livostin)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Loratadine (Claritine, Clarityn, Fristamin, Tidilor)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Mepyramine/Pyrilamine (Albatussin, Anthisan)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Olopatadine / Pheniramine (Pataday, Patanol, Pazeo, Patanase, Opatanol) (Aviletten, Inhiston, Fenamine, Metron, Pyriton, Tripoton)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Tripelennamine (Azaron, PBZ, Pyribenzamine)	Antihistamines	Controlled	Used therapeutically to control allergic reactions, asthma, and, in the case of cyproheptadine, stimulate appetite. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by reducing airway inflammation and improving respiratory function. ^[5]
Canagliflozin (Invokana)	Antihyperglycemics	Controlled	Used therapeutically as anti-diabetic drugs. ^[4]^[10]^[14] May affect performance by enhancing energy metabolism. ^[10] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Ertugliflozin (Steglatro)	Antihyperglycemics	Controlled	Used therapeutically as anti-diabetic drugs. ^[4]^[10]^[14] May affect performance by enhancing energy metabolism. ^[10] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Metformin (Glucophage XR, Carbophage SR, Riomet, Fortamet, Glumetza, Obimet, Gluformin, Dianben, Diabex, Diaformin, Siofor, Metfogamma)	Antihyperglycemics	Controlled	Used therapeutically as anti-diabetic drugs. ^[4]^[10]^[14] May affect performance by enhancing energy metabolism. ^[10] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Pioglitazone (Actos)	Antihyperglycemics	Controlled	Used therapeutically as anti-diabetic drugs. ^[4]^[10]^[14] May affect performance by enhancing energy metabolism. ^[10] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Velagliflozin (Senvelgo)	Antihyperglycemics	Controlled	Used therapeutically as anti-diabetic drugs. ^[4]^[10]^[14] May affect performance by enhancing energy metabolism. ^[10] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Amlodipine	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Benazepril	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Bethanidine	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Brimonidine	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Candesartan	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Cilazapril	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Clonidine (Catapres, Catarpresan, Catarpres-TTS, Clonistada, Dixarit, Ipotensium, Isoglaucon)	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Felbinac (Dolinac, Dolonac, Dolo Target, Flexfree, Ledergel, Napagel, Napagelin, Selspot, Seltouch, Target, Traxam, Zenol Exum)	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Flunarizine	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Fosinopril	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Guanadrel	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Guanethidine	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Indoramin	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Irbesartan	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Losartan	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Methyldopa	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Mibefradil	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Nicardipine (Cardene)	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Nimodipine (Nimotop)	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Olmesartan (Benicar, Olmetec, Votum)	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Perinodopril	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenyline, Dibenzyline, Dibenzyran)	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Prazosin (Hypovase)	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Tripamide (Normonal)	Antihypertensives	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage high blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing the heart's workload. ^[14]
Carbimazole	Antihyperthyroidism	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hyperthyroidism in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by masking the effects of a hyperactive thyroid gland. ^[12]
Methimazole	Antihyperthyroidism	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hyperthyroidism in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by masking the effects of a hyperactive thyroid gland. ^[12]
Emidonol	Antiischaemics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve blood flow and increase energy production in cells to treat heart-related disease. ^[12] May affect performance by improving endurance and reducing fatigue from exercise. ^[12]
Meldonium (Mildronate)	Antiischaemics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve blood flow and increase energy production in cells to treat heart-related disease. ^[12] May affect performance by improving endurance and reducing fatigue from exercise. ^[12]
Dapsone	Antileprotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat leprosy in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by having antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects controlling an underlying disease. ^[12]
Amodiaquine	Antimalarials	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat malaria in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by treating bloodborne parasitic diseases in horses. ^[12]
Amopyroquine	Antimalarials	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat malaria in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by treating bloodborne parasitic diseases in horses. ^[12]
Chloroquine	Antimalarials	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat malaria in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by treating bloodborne parasitic diseases in horses. ^[12]
Cycloguanil	Antimalarials	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat malaria in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by treating bloodborne parasitic diseases in horses. ^[12]
Diaveridine	Antimalarials	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat malaria in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by treating bloodborne parasitic diseases in horses. ^[12]
Proguanil (Paludrine)	Antimalarials	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat malaria in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by treating bloodborne parasitic diseases in horses. ^[12]
Almotriptan	Antimigraine Medications	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat migraines in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by blocking pain transmission signals. ^[12]
Eletriptan	Antimigraine Medications	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat migraines in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by blocking pain transmission signals. ^[12]
Methysergide	Antimigraine Medications	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat migraines in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by blocking pain transmission signals. ^[12]
Naratriptan (Amerge, Naramig)	Antimigraine Medications	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat migraines in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by blocking pain transmission signals. ^[12]
Pizotifen (Mosegor, Sandomigran, Sandomigrin, Sanmigran)	Antimigraine Medications	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat migraines in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by blocking pain transmission signals. ^[12]
Sumatriptan (Imigran)	Antimigraine Medications	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat migraines in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by blocking pain transmission signals. ^[12]
Levamisole (Decaris, Ergamisol, Ketrax)	Antiparasitic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat parasites in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing pain, acting as a stimulant, or stimulating the immune system. ^[77]^[78] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Pyrimethamine (Daraprim, Erbaprelina, Pirimecidan, Tindurin)	Antiparasitic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat parasites in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing pain, acting as a stimulant, or stimulating the immune system. ^[77]^[78] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Quinine (Adaquin, Bi-Chinine, Biquinate, Chinine, Kinin, Legatrin, Myoquin, Quinamm, Quinate, Quinbisul, Quindan, Quinine, Quinoctal, Quinsul, Quiphile)	Antiparasitic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat parasites in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by reducing pain, acting as a stimulant, or stimulating the immune system. ^[77]^[78] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Dipyramidole	Antiplatelet Agents	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[12]
Clopidogrel (Plavix)	Antiplatelet Agents	Controlled	Used to prevent blood clotting. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[12] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Chlorphenoxamine	Antipruritics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat rashes, hives and itching. ^[12] May affect performance by masking an active allergic response. ^[12]
Dimethindene	Antipruritics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat rashes, hives and itching. ^[12] May affect performance by masking an active allergic response. ^[12]
Trimeprazine (Panectyl, Repeltin, Vallergan)	Antipruritics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat rashes, hives and itching. ^[12] May affect performance by masking an active allergic response. ^[12]
Acetophenazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Amisulpride	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Amperozide	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Ariprazole (Abilify)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Azacyclonal	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Benperidol	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Biriperone	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Bromperidol	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Butaperazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Carphenazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Chlorprothixene	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Clozapine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Cyamemazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Deserpidine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Dixyrazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Droperidol	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Fluopromazine/Triflupromazine (Psyquil, Siquil, Vesperin)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Fluphenazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Fluspirilene	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Homophenazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Lenpirone	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Loxapine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Melperone	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Mepazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Methotrimeprazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Molindone (Moban)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Moperone	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Mosapramine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Olanzapine (Olzapin, Rexapin, Zyprexa, Zyprexa, Zydis, Zalasta, Zolafren)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Opromazine	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Paliperidone (Invega Sustenna)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Penfluridol (Cyperon, Flupidol, Semap)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Periciazine/Pericyazine (Aloept, Nemactil, Neulactil, Neuleptil)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Pimozide (Opiran, Orap, Orap Forte, Pizide)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Pipamperone (Dipiperone, Propitan)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Piper Methysticum (Kava)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety and related disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having calming and anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Pipotiazine (Lonseren, Piportil, Piportyl)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Piquindone	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Prochlorperazine (Stemetil)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Prothipendyl (Tolnate)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Quetiapine (Seroquel)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Risperidone (Risperdal)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Sulforidazine (Imagotan, Inofal)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Sulpiride (Dolmatil, Sulpor)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Thiopropazate	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Thioridazine (Mallorol, Mellaril-S, Melleril, Melleretten, Novoridazine)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Thiothixene	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Triflumeprazine/Phenothiazine (Stelazine)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Trifluoperazine (Eskazinyl, Eskazine, Jatroneural, Modalina, Stelazine, Terfluzine, Trifluoperaz)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Trifluperidol (Psicoperidol, Triperidol)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Zuclopenthixol (Clopixol, Cisordinol)	Antipsychotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and anxiety disorders in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by having anti-anxiety effects. ^[79]^[80]
Acetanilid	Antipyretics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce the severity of fever. ^[12] May affect performance by reducing fever, allowing a sick animal to perform. ^[12]
Bucetin	Antipyretics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce the severity of fever. ^[12] May affect performance by reducing fever, allowing a sick animal to perform. ^[12]
Metrenperone	Antipyretics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce the severity of fever. ^[12] May affect performance by reducing fever, allowing a sick animal to perform. ^[12]
Adiphenine	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Alverine	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Ambucetamide	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Aminopromazine	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Baclofen	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Drofenine	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Emepronium	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Flavoxate	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Mebeverine	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Methixene	Antispasmodics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce intestinal and bladder spasming. ^[5] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain or controlling bladder function. ^[5]
Drotaverine (No-Spa, Drotin DS, Doverin, Trospa)	Antispasmodics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce gastrointestinal spasming in people. ^[12] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain. ^[12] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Prifinium Bromide (Padrin, Riabal)	Antispasmodics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce gastrointestinal spasming in people. ^[12] May affect performance by masking intestinal pain. ^[12] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Benzonatate	Antitussives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat cough in humans with a sedative and pain-relieving effect. ^[14]^[15] May affect performance by calming the nervous system, masking pain, and potentially increasing the efficacy of other analgesic medications. ^[81]
Carbetapentane (Pentoxyverine)	Antitussives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat cough in humans with a sedative and pain-relieving effect. ^[14]^[15] May affect performance by calming the nervous system, masking pain, and potentially increasing the efficacy of other analgesic medications. ^[81]
Dextromethorphan	Antitussives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat cough in humans with a sedative and pain-relieving effect. ^[14]^[15] May affect performance by calming the nervous system, masking pain, and potentially increasing the efficacy of other analgesic medications. ^[81]
Dextrorphan	Antitussives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat cough in humans with a sedative and pain-relieving effect. ^[14]^[15] May affect performance by calming the nervous system, masking pain, and potentially increasing the efficacy of other analgesic medications. ^[81]
Isoaminile	Antitussives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat cough in humans with a sedative and pain-relieving effect. ^[14]^[15] May affect performance by calming the nervous system, masking pain, and potentially increasing the efficacy of other analgesic medications. ^[81]
Noscapine (Anarcotine, Narcotine, Nectodon, Nospen)	Antitussives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat cough in humans with a sedative and pain-relieving effect. ^[14]^[15] May affect performance by calming the nervous system, masking pain, and potentially increasing the efficacy of other analgesic medications. ^[81]
Oxolamine (Bredon, Oxolev, Tussibron)	Antitussives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat cough in humans with a sedative and pain-relieving effect. ^[14]^[15] May affect performance by calming the nervous system, masking pain, and potentially increasing the efficacy of other analgesic medications. ^[81]
Phocodine	Antitussives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat cough in humans with a sedative and pain-relieving effect. ^[14]^[15] May affect performance by calming the nervous system, masking pain, and potentially increasing the efficacy of other analgesic medications. ^[81]
Pholcodine (Actuss, Adaphol, Codisol, Dia-Tuss, Duro-Tuss, Galenphol, Homocodeine, Lantuss, Pavacol-D, Pholcolin, Tussinol, Tussokon, Tuxi)	Antitussives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat cough in humans with a sedative and pain-relieving effect. ^[14]^[15] May affect performance by calming the nervous system, masking pain, and potentially increasing the efficacy of other analgesic medications. ^[81]
Adinazolam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Alpidem	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Alprazolam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Bentazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Bromazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Brotizolam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Buspirone	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Camazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Captodiame	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Carpipramine	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Chlordiazepoxide	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Chlormezanone	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Clobazam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Clonazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Clorazepate	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Clotiazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Cloxazolam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Demoxepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Enciprazine	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Estazolam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Ethyl Loflazepate	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Etifoxine	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Etizolam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Fludiazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Flunitrazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Flurazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Flutoprazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Gepirone	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Ipsapirone	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Ketazolam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Lenperone	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Loprazolam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Lorazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Lormetazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Medazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Meparfynol	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Meprobamate/Meprobromate (Meprobamate)	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Metaclazepam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Mexazolam	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Nimetazepam (Erimin)	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Nitrazepam (Insomin, Dormalon, Nitravet, Mogadon)	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Oxazolam (Convertal, Hializan, Serenal, Tranquit)	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Phenibut (Focus Calm Horse Supplement)	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Pinazepam (Domar, Duna)	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Pipequaline	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Prazepam (Demetrin, Lysaxia, Prazene)	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Triazolam (Apo-Triazo, Halcion, Hypam, Trilam)	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Tybamate (Solacen)	Anxiolytics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anxiety disorders. ^[14]^[16] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and anxious behaviours. ^[5]
Aminoglutethimide	Aromatase Inhibitors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce hormone levels, particularly estrogen. ^[12] May affect performance by modulating hormone levels. ^[12]
Anastrozole	Aromatase Inhibitors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce hormone levels, particularly estrogen. ^[12] May affect performance by modulating hormone levels. ^[12]
Exemestane	Aromatase Inhibitors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce hormone levels, particularly estrogen. ^[12] May affect performance by modulating hormone levels. ^[12]
Formestane	Aromatase Inhibitors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce hormone levels, particularly estrogen. ^[12] May affect performance by modulating hormone levels. ^[12]
Letrozole	Aromatase Inhibitors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce hormone levels, particularly estrogen. ^[12] May affect performance by modulating hormone levels. ^[12]
Testolactone (Teslac)	Aromatase Inhibitors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce hormone levels, particularly estrogen. ^[12] May affect performance by modulating hormone levels. ^[12]
Cimaterol	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Dopexamine	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Etafedrine	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Fenpiprane	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Isoetharine	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Mabuterol	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Procaterol (Meptin)	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Ractopamine (Paylean)	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Ritodrine (Yutopar)	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Zilpaterol	Beta Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve breathing in horses with respiratory issues; some are used to enhance muscle growth in livestock. ^[5]^[4] May affect performance by opening airways, allowing increased oxygen delivery or increasing muscle growth in horses. ^[5]
Acebutolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Alprenolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Atenolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Betaxolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Bisoprolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Bunitrolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Bunolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Bupranolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Butofilolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Carazolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Carteolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Carvedilol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Celiprolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Cloranolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Esmolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Labetalol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Levobunolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Mepindolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Metipranolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Metoprolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Moprolol	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Nadolol (Corgard)	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Nebivolol (Bystolic, Nebilet, Hypoloc, Nebivolol)	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Nifenalol (Impeasel, Inpea)	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Oxprenolol (Captol, Corbeton, Coretal, Laracor, Slow-Pren, Slow-Trasicor, Tevacor, Trasacor, Trasicor, Trasitensin, Trasidex)	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Penbutolol (Betapresin, Betapressin, Blocotin, Ipobar, Levatol, Lobeta)	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Pindolol (Barbloc, Betadren, Carvisken, Decreten, Durapindol, Hexapindol, Pectobloc, Pinbetol, Viskeen, Visken)	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Practolol (Dalzic, Eraldin, Eraldina, Teranol)	Beta Blockers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and reduce blood pressure. ^[14] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5]
Propranolol (Inderal, Avlocardyl, Derelin)	Beta Blockers	Controlled	Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and, in the case of timolol, also treat high blood pressure and glaucoma. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Sotalol (Beta-Cardone, Sotacor)	Beta Blockers	Controlled	Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and, in the case of timolol, also treat high blood pressure and glaucoma. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Timolol (Blocadren, Timoptol)	Beta Blockers	Controlled	Used therapeutically to normalize the heart rhythm and, in the case of timolol, also treat high blood pressure and glaucoma. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by lowering heart rate. ^[5] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Alendronate	Bisphosphonates	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat bone-related disorders. ^[14] May affect performance by altering bone remodeling, which may reduce pain from degenerative diseases. ^[14]
Ibandronate (Boniva, Bondronat, Bonviva, Idandrix, Adronil, Bondrova, Bonprove)	Bisphosphonates	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat bone-related disorders. ^[14] May affect performance by altering bone remodeling, which may reduce pain from degenerative diseases. ^[14]
Neridronate	Bisphosphonates	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat bone-related disorders. ^[14] May affect performance by altering bone remodeling, which may reduce pain from degenerative diseases. ^[14]
Olpadronate	Bisphosphonates	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat bone-related disorders. ^[14] May affect performance by altering bone remodeling, which may reduce pain from degenerative diseases. ^[14]
Pamidronate (Aredia, Pamimed)	Bisphosphonates	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat bone-related disorders. ^[14] May affect performance by altering bone remodeling, which may reduce pain from degenerative diseases. ^[14]
Risedronate	Bisphosphonates	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat bone-related disorders. ^[14] May affect performance by altering bone remodeling, which may reduce pain from degenerative diseases. ^[14]
Zoledronate	Bisphosphonates	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat bone-related disorders. ^[14] May affect performance by altering bone remodeling, which may reduce pain from degenerative diseases. ^[14]
Clodronic Acid (Osphos)	Bisphosphonate	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat bone-related disorders. ^[4]^[17]^[18] May affect performance by altering bone remodeling, which may reduce pain from degenerative diseases such as navicular syndrome. However, these medications can also increase the risk of bone fracture. ^[5] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Tiludronic Acid (Tildren, Skelid)	Bisphosphonate	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat bone-related disorders. ^[4]^[17]^[18] May affect performance by altering bone remodeling, which may reduce pain from degenerative diseases such as navicular syndrome. However, these medications can also increase the risk of bone fracture. ^[5] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Hemoglobin Analogues	Blood Gas Transporter	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to enhance the gas-carrying capacity of the blood. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Octadecafluoronaphthalene (Perfluorodecalin)	Blood Gas Transporter	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to enhance the gas-carrying capacity of the blood. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Perfluorocarbons	Blood Gas Transporter	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to enhance the gas-carrying capacity of the blood. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Perfluorooctylbromide	Blood Gas Transporter	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to enhance the gas-carrying capacity of the blood. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Perfluorotripropylamine	Blood Gas Transporter	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to enhance the gas-carrying capacity of the blood. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Erythrityl tetranitrate	Blood Vessel Relaxant (Vasodilator)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to dilate blood vessels. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing blood flow to tissues. ^[14]
Dyphylline	Blood Vessel Relaxant (Vasodilator)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to dilate blood vessels. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing blood flow to tissues. ^[14]
Tadalafil (Cialis)	Blood Vessel Relaxant (Vasodilator)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to dilate blood vessels. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing blood flow to tissues. ^[14]
Acefylline	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Arformoterol (COPD, Seprocor, Brovana, Foradil Aeriolizer, Formertorel)	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Bambuterol	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Bamifylline	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Bitolterol	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Carbuterol	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Clorprenaline	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Diprophylline	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Etaminphylline	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Ethylnorepinephrine	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Reproterol (Bronchodil, Bronchospasmin, Broncospasmin, Epiferol, Gensasmol, Reperol, Sanasma, Teofluid)	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Rimiterol (Puilmodil)	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Tulobuterol (Hokunalin)	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Acefylline	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Arformoterol (COPD, Seprocor, Brovana, Foradil Aeriolizer, Formertorel)	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Reproterol (Bronchodil, Bronchospasmin, Broncospasmin, Epiferol, Gensasmol, Reperol, Sanasma, Teofluid)	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Rimiterol (Puilmodil)	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Tulobuterol (Hokunalin)	Bronchodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[14] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5]
Aformoterol	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Albuterol/Salbutamol (Ventolin, Proventil, Torpex, Volmax, Ventipulmin)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] Detection time for Albuterol is 96 hours. ^[2]
Aminophylline (Ami-nesine, Ami-lone, Etamyphylline Derivative, Millophylline-V, Dalophylline gel)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Clenbuterol (Bronq-C, Broncodil, Clenasma, Cesbron, Clenbutol, Contrasmina, Monores, Prontovent, Spiropent)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] Detection time for Clenbuterol is 168 hours. ^[2]
Fenoterol	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Formoterol (Atock, Foradil, Oxeze Turbuhaler, Oxis Turbohaler)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Indacaterol (Sequadra, Onbrez Breezhaler, Ultibro, Breezhaler, Enerair Breezhaler, Arcapta Neohaler)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Ipratropium (Aerovent, Apo-Ipravent, Apovent, Atronase, Atrovent, Bitrop, Disne Asmol, Ipratropium, Kendral-Ipratropium, Narilet, Rhinotrop, Rhinovent, Rinatec, Rinoberen, Rinovagos, Vagos)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Olodaterol	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Pirbuterol (Exirel, Maxair, Maxair, Autohaler, Spirolair, Zeisin)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Propentofylline (Vivitonin)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Salmeterol (Aerometrol, Arial, Astmerole, Fujimycin, Salmetedur, Serevent)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Terbutaline (Bricanyl, Brethine)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by opening airways and increasing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed for others in this category. ^[2]
Theophylline (Elixophyllin, Novo-Theophyl, Nuelin, Quibron-T, Retafyllin, Theo-Dur, Theolair, Theolin, Uniphyl, Uniphyllin, Xanthium Xantivent)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat asthma, chronic bronchitis, and other respiratory conditions. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by increasing airway dilation and enhancing oxygen use. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Tiotropium (Spiriva)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by improving airflow and reducing respiratory effort. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Vilanterol (Anoro Ellipta, Revinty Ellipta, Relvar Ellipta)	Bronchodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically for asthma and long-term maintenance of airflow obstruction. ^[4]^[19]^[20]^[21] May affect performance by improving lung function and endurance. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Bepridil	Calcium Channel Blocker	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat chest pain and hypertension in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow to the heart. ^[12]
Isradipine	Calcium Channel Blocker	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat chest pain and hypertension in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow to the heart. ^[12]
Cannabidiol (CBD, CBDA)	Cannabinoid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain, inflammation, anxiety, and stress. ^[4]^[26] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing anxiety. ^[82] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Clofenamid	Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat glaucoma and muscular disorders. ^[12] May affect performance by controlling symptoms of glaucoma or hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. ^[12]
Dichlorphenamide	Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat glaucoma and muscular disorders. ^[12] May affect performance by controlling symptoms of glaucoma or hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. ^[12]
Ethoxzolamide	Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat glaucoma and muscular disorders. ^[12] May affect performance by controlling symptoms of glaucoma or hyperkalemic periodic paralysis. ^[12]
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors Dorzolamide (Dorzolamide, Dorzox, Glaucotensil, Timsopt, Trusopt)	Controlled	Controlled	Used to treat glaucoma. ^[12] May affect performance by controlling symptoms of glaucoma. ^[12] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Cobalt	Chemical Element	Controlled	A naturally occurring trace element used in various nutritional and nutraceutical products. ^[4]^[27] May affect performance when used in excessive amounts by increasing red blood cell counts, increasing delivery of oxygen to the muscles. ^[83] This is a threshold substance meaning low levels that might occur naturally are permitted. Measurements under 0.1 microgram of cobalt per millilitre of urine or 0.025 micrograms per milliliter of plasma are deemed acceptable. ^[9]
Chemotherapeutic Agents Procarbazine (Matulane, Natulan)	Banned	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat some types of cancer. ^[12] May affect performance by allowing a sick horse to compete. ^[12]
Proglumide Milid	Cholecystokinin Antagonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat gastric ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by masking the symptoms of gastric ulcers. ^[12]
Clanobutin	Cholerectics	Controlled	Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing airflow and respiratory function. ^[12] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Proglumide (Milid)	Cholecystokinin Antagonist	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat gastric ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by masking the symptoms of gastric ulcers. ^[12]
Clanobutin	Cholerectic	Controlled	Used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing airflow and respiratory function. ^[12] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Clocortolone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Cortivazol	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Deoxycorticosterone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Desonide	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Desoximethasone (Desoxymethasone)	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Dichlorisone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Diflorasone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Diflucortolone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Fluoroprednisolone (Fluprednisolone)	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Fluandrenolide (Fluadrenolone / Fludroxycortide / Alondra-F, Cordran tape, Drenison, Haelan tape, Sermaka)	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Fludrocortisone (Fluorocortisone)	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Flunisolide	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Fluocinolone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Fluocinonide	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Fluocortolone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Fluorometholone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Halcinonide	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Halobetasol	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Medrysone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Meprednisone	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Mometasone (Asmanex Twisthaler inhalation powder, Elocon cream, Elocon ointment, Nasonex nasal spray, PMS-Mometascone, Taro-mometascone)	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Paramethasone (Cortidene, Depodillar, Dillar, Haldrone, Metilar, Monocortin, Paramezone, Triniol)	Corticosteroid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14]
Ambenonium	Cholinesterase Inhibitor	Banned	Prescription-only products Used by medical and veterinary practitioners to treat muscle weakness caused by disease High potential to impact performance
Amcinonide (Clyocort, Aminocide Cream)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection times: ^[2] All others not listed
Beclomethasone (Airbeclosona, Beclacin, Beclometason, Becloval, Clenil-A, Easyhaler, Beclometasone, Entyderma, Inalone, Korbutone)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection times: ^[2] All others not listed
Betamethasone (Bebyderm, Becort, Bedifos, Betacorian, Betacortril, Betafoam, Betagen, Betamamallet, Betmethason, Betapred, Betasolon, Betnasol, Betsolan, Celestamine N, Celestene, Cevicort, Coritex, Cortimar, Flubenisolone, Hormezone, Konicortil, Luxiqo, Medobeta, Methazon, Steromien)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection times: ^[2] Betamethasone - 168 hours
Budesonide (Rhinocort, Pulmicort, Entocort, Noex)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection times: ^[2] All others not listed
Ciclesonide (Alvesco, Omnaris, Omniair, Aservo, Equihaler)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection times: ^[2] Ciclesonide - 120 hours
Clobetasol (Cantril, Clobetasolpropionat Mikron, Koniderm)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time not individually listed
Cortisone (Cortelan, Cortisone, Cortisyl, Cortogen, Cortone)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time not individually listed
Dexamethasone (Azium, Decaspray, Dectancyl, Deronil, Dexaltin, Dexamethasone, Hostadex, Millicortene, Taprodex, Tuttozem N, Visumetazone, Wymesone)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time: 48 hours ^[2]
Flumetasone (Locacorten, Locorten, Locortene)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time not individually listed
Fluticasone (Cultivate, Flixonase, Flixotide, Flonase, Flovent, Flovent Diskus, Fluticasone, Flutivate)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time not individually listed
Hydrocortisone (Alfacort, Aquanil HC, Bactine, Barriere HC, Calmicort, Cortate, Dermacort, Egocort, Hycort, Hydrocortisone, Hydrosone, Mildison, Nutracort, Proctocort, Schericur, Synacort, Texacort)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time: 48 hours ^[2] Hydrocortisone and prednisolone are threshold substances, meaning low levels that might occur naturally are permitted. Measurements under 1 microgram per millilitre in urine are deemed acceptable. ^[9]
Isoflupredone (Predef, Isofluprednisolone)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time not individually listed
Methylprednisolone (Besonia, Depomedrol, Esametone, Lemod, Medescone, Medixon, Medlone, Medrol Dosepak, Medrone, Mesopren, Metastab, Methylprednisolone, Metrisone, Metrocort, Metysolon, Promacortine, Reactenol, Summicort)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time: - from 336 to 672 hours depending on dose^[2]
Prednisolone (Codelcortone, Deltacortril, Dhasolone, Pred Forte, Prednisol, Predsolone, Prelone, Solone)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time: 48 hours ^[2] Hydrocortisone and prednisolone are threshold substances, meaning low levels that might occur naturally are permitted. Measurements under 1 microgram per millilitre in urine are deemed acceptable. ^[9]
Prednisone (Deltisone, Hostacortin, Meticorten, Predni Tablinen, Sone, Sterapred, Ultracortene)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time: 48 hours ^[2]
Triamcinolone (Aristocort, Cinolone, Delphi, Ipercortis, Kenacort, Kenalog, Ledercort, Triamcet, Volon)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time: 168 hours ^[2]
Triamcinolone Acetonide (Vetalog, Adcortyl)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time: 168 hours ^[2]
Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (Aristospan)	Corticosteroid	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat auto-immune diseases and inflammatory conditions, such as asthma or allergic skin disease. ^[4]^[14]^[28]^[29]^[30]^[31]^[32]^[33]^[34]^[35]^[36]^[37]^[38]^[39] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5]^[14] Detection time: 168 hours ^[2]
Thenoic acid (Thioveol)	D-amino acid oxidase Inhibitor	Controlled	Used to treat respiratory disease.
Carbidopa	Di-hydroxythenylalanine Decarboxylase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat Parkinson's disease in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by reducing muscle rigidity and enhancing motor function. ^[12]
Althiazide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Amiloride	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Amisometradine	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Azosemide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Bendroflumethazide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Benzthiazide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Bumetanide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Canrenone	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Chlormerodrin	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Chlorthalidone	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Clopamide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Cyclothiazide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Drospirenone	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Eplerenone (Inspra)	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Ethacrynic Acid	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Ethiazide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Flumethazide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Hydroflumethiazide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Indapamide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Mefruside	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Meralluride	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Merbaphen	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Mercaptomerin	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Mersalyl	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Methazolamide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Methychlothiazide	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Methylchlorthiazide (Methylclothiazide, Methyclothiazide)	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Meticrane	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Metolazone	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Piretanide (Arelix, Diumax, Tauliz)	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Polythiazide (Drenusil, Minizide, Nephril, Polypress, Renese)	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Probenecid (Benemid, Benemide, Benuryl, Probecid, Pro-Cid, Solpurin, Urocid)	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Spironolactone (Aldactone, Spiractin)	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Torasemide (Torem, Demadex)	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Triamterene (Dyrenium, Dytac)	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Xipamide (Aquaphor, Diurexan)	Diuretic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation. ^[14] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5]
Acetazolamide (Acemit, Azomid, Diamox, Glaupax, Novo-Zolamide, Storzolamide)	Diuretic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Brinzolamide (Azopt, Azoptic)	Diuretic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Chlorothiazide (Azide, Chlotride, Diuril Boluses, Flumen, Lyovac Diuril, Saluretil, Saluric, SK-Chlorothiazide)	Diuretic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Furosemide (Diural, Diuralasa, Frusid, Furosemide, Impugan, Lasix, Novosemide, Sigasalur, Urex)	Diuretic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Hydrochlorothiazide (Adelphan, Dichlotride, Diurex, Esidrex, Hydrochlorothiazide, Hydro-Diuril, Hydrosaluric, Novo-Hydrazide, Thiuretic)	Diuretic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Quinethazone (Aquamox, Hydromox, Idrokin)	Diuretic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Trichlormethiazide (Achletin, Anatran, Anistadin, Aponorin, Carvacron, Chloplidine, Cretonin, Esmarin, Fluitran, Flutra, Intromene, Kubracon, Metahydrin, Naqua, Schebitran, Tachionin, Tolcasone, Triflumen)	Diuretic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Trometamol (Addex-THAM, Alcaphor, Basionic, Tham, Thamacetat, Thamesol, Trisaminol)	Diuretic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat diseases associated with fluid accumulation and exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving respiratory function in EIPH-affected horses. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Bromocriptine	Dopamine Agonist	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Drug used to treat Parkinson's disease by stimulating dopamine receptors in the brain. ^[14] May affect performance by altering the body's response to exercise, pain, and stress. ^[14]
Amantadine (Symmetrel, Lysovir, Endantadine)	Dopamine Agonist	Controlled	Substance used therapeutically to control Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID or Equine Cushing's Disease). ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by altering the body's response to exercise, pain, and stress. ^[84] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Pergolide Prascend, Aroltex, Breator, Celance, Geranil, Nopar, Parkotil, Parlide, Perogolide, Permax, Pharken	Dopamine Agonist	Controlled	Substance used therapeutically to control Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID or Equine Cushing's Disease). ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by altering the body's response to exercise, pain, and stress. ^[84] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Metoclopramide (Apo-Metoclop, Clopra, Clopramate, Ellieten, Emperal, Gastrosil, Maxolon, Metoclopramide, Metopram, Paspertin, Primperan, Reglan, Viscal)	Dopamine Antagonist	Controlled	Used therapeutically to stimulate gastrointestinal motility and to control vomiting. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by having sedative effects and promoting the release of prolactin, which can have anti-anxiety effects. ^[85] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Levodopa	Dopamine Precursors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Drug used to treat Parkinson's disease in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by masking muscle tremors and altering mood. ^[12]
Nomifensine (Alival, Nomival)	Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Drug used to treat depression in humans. ^[14] May affect performance by altering the body's response to stress and anxiety. ^[14]
Cephaeline	Emetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to induce vomiting in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by lowering blood pressure and increasing gastrointestinal motility. ^[12]
Endorphins	Endogenous Pain Relievers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Natural substances produced by the body as pain relief. ^[12] May affect performance when above normal levels by relieving pain. ^[12]
Enkephalins	Endogenous Pain Relievers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Natural substances produced by the body as pain relief. ^[12] May affect performance when above normal levels by relieving pain. ^[12]
Dihydroergotamine	Ergot Alkaloids	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat migraines in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by causing vasoconstriction and block the release of serotonin, relieving some types of pain. ^[12]
Ergotamine	Ergot Alkaloids	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat migraines in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by causing vasoconstriction and block the release of serotonin, relieving some types of pain. ^[12]
Erythropoietin (EPO)	Erythropoietic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anemia many species. ^[5]^[40] May affect performance by increasing production of red blood cells which enhances oxygen delivery to the muscles, improving stamina and endurance. ^[5]
Zeranol (Ralgro)	Estrogen Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to promote growth in livestock. ^[14] May affect performance by promoting muscle development. ^[14]
Clomiphene	Estrogen Receptor Antagonists (Anti-estrogens) and Modulators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hyperestrogenism in women. ^[14] May affect performance by controlling hormone-driven behaviors. ^[14]
Cyclofenil Cyclophenil, (Fertodur, Menopax, Neoclym)	Estrogen Receptor Antagonists (Anti-estrogens) and Modulators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hyperestrogenism in women. ^[14] May affect performance by controlling hormone-driven behaviors. ^[14]
Fulvestrant (Faslodex)	Estrogen Receptor Antagonists (Anti-estrogens) and Modulators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hyperestrogenism in women. ^[14] May affect performance by controlling hormone-driven behaviors. ^[14]
Raloxifene (Evista)	Estrogen Receptor Antagonists (Anti-estrogens) and Modulators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hyperestrogenism in women. ^[14] May affect performance by controlling hormone-driven behaviors. ^[14]
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex)	Estrogen Receptor Antagonists (Anti-estrogens) and Modulators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hyperestrogenism in women. ^[14] May affect performance by controlling hormone-driven behaviors. ^[14]
Toremifene (Fareston)	Estrogen Receptor Antagonists (Anti-estrogens) and Modulators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hyperestrogenism in women. ^[14] May affect performance by controlling hormone-driven behaviors. ^[14]
Guaifenesin (Actifed CC Chesty, Balminil Expectorant, Benylin, Bronchol, Calcough Chesty, Duratuss G, Formulaexpec, Glyate, Larylin Lozenges, Myocaine, PV Tussin, Resyl, Robitussin, Sudafed Cough, Tedral Expectorant, Vicks Acta Plus Expectorant, Wick Formel 44 Husten Loser)	Expectorants	Controlled	Used therapeutically as a muscle relaxant in horses. ^[5] May affect performance by reducing muscle tension and provides mild sedation. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Growth factors	Growth promotants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used in livestock species to improve growth and feed efficiency. ^[96] May affect performance by increasing muscle development. ^[96]
Growth hormones	Growth promotants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used in livestock species to improve growth and feed efficiency. ^[96] May affect performance by increasing muscle development. ^[96]
Bufotenine	Hallucinogens	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Natural hallucinogen produced by toads in the Bufo genus. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and performance. ^[12]
Efaproxiral	Hemoglobin Modifiers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat some types of lung cancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing hemoglobin's binding to oxygen, leading to increased oxygen delivery to tissues. ^[12]
Adrenochrome	Hemostatics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to promote blood clotting and prevent bleeding. ^[12] May affect performance by reducing bleeding in conditions like exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[5]
Carbazochrome	Hemostatics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to promote blood clotting and prevent bleeding. ^[12] May affect performance by reducing bleeding in conditions like exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[5]
Ethamsylate Etamsylate (Aglumin, Altodor, Antihaemorragico Fortuny, Dicinone, Dicynene, Dicynone, Eselin, Haemo 141, Impedil)	Hemostatics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to promote blood clotting and prevent bleeding. ^[12] May affect performance by reducing bleeding in conditions like exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. ^[5]
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, Corticotropin)	Hormones	Controlled	Used therapeutically to stimulate cortisol release during testing for hyper- and hypoadrenocorticism. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by triggering a stress response, promoting metabolism that increases performance capacity. ^[88] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Aldosterone	Hormones	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Natural hormone that regulates water and salt concentrations in the body. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing blood volume. ^[14]
Chlormadinone acetate	Hormones	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage the estrus cycle of mares. ^[5] May affect performance by manipulating estrus cycle and managing behavioral issues. ^[5]
Delmadinone acetate	Hormones	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage the estrus cycle of mares. ^[5] May affect performance by manipulating estrus cycle and managing behavioral issues. ^[5]
Altrenogest (Regumate)	Hormones	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat mares with excessive estrus behavior. ^[63] May affect performance by reducing aggressive male behaviors in stallions and geldings. ^[#] To be used only in mares at the recommended dosage. ^[63]
Adrenaline (Adrenalin, Epinephrine, Anapen, Epipen, Twinject)	Hormones	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat anaphylaxis. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing energy levels, opening airways, and increasing heart rate and blood pressure. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)	Hormones	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat anaphylaxis. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing energy levels, opening airways, and increasing heart rate and blood pressure. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Estrone (Cristallovar, Femogen, Kolpon, Oestrillin)	Hormones	Controlled	Synthetic or natural forms of estrogen, the sex hormone in females. ^[12]^[14] May affect performance by managing hormone-driven behaviors. ^[14] Banned in male horses
Ethinylestradiol	Hormones	Controlled	Synthetic or natural forms of estrogen, the sex hormone in females. ^[12]^[14] May affect performance by managing hormone-driven behaviors. ^[14] Banned in male horses
Levothyroxine (L Thyroxin, T4, Eltroxin, Euthyrox, Letterbox, Levaxin, L-thyroxine, Thyrax, Levoxyl, Synthroid, Thyrax Duotab, Thyrox, Eutirox, Tirosint, Thyrin, Thyrolar)	Hormones	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat hypothyroidism. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing metabolism, heart rate, and blood pressure. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Oxytocin	Hormones	Controlled	Used therapeutically in the management of the mare's uterus during pregnancy, birth, and to control infection. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by manipulating estrus cycle and managing behavioral issues. ^[87] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Progesterone	Hormones	Banned	Substance that is not to be used in or out of competition in male horses as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Controlled substance for mares used therapeutically to regulate the estrus cycle. ^[5] May affect performance in geldings and stallions by reducing aggressive male behaviors. ^[94] May affect performance in mares by manipulating the estrus cycle. ^[5] Detection time not listed. ^[2]
Hydrocortisone Synthesis Inhibitor	Hormones	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat Cushing's syndrome in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by masking diseases causing adrenal hyperactivity. ^[12]
Metomidate	Hypnotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat insomnia. ^[12] May affect performance by causing sedation and affecting mood. ^[12]
Perlapine (Hypnodin)	Hypnotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat insomnia. ^[12] May affect performance by causing sedation and affecting mood. ^[12]
Zolpidem (Stilnoct, Hypnogen, Ambien)	Hypnotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat insomnia. ^[12] May affect performance by causing sedation and affecting mood. ^[12]
Zopiclone (Vivalan, Emovit)	Hypnotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat insomnia. ^[12] May affect performance by causing sedation and affecting mood. ^[12]
Methacholine	Hypotensives	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to induce bronchoconstriction for diagnosis of asthma. ^[12] May affect performance reducing blood pressure. ^[12]
Argon	Hypoxia Indicuble Factor (HIF) Activators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anemia (low red blood cell count) in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing red blood cell levels, increasing delivery of oxygen to the tissues. ^[12]
Krypton	Hypoxia Indicuble Factor (HIF) Activators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anemia (low red blood cell count) in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing red blood cell levels, increasing delivery of oxygen to the tissues. ^[12]
Molidustat	Hypoxia Indicuble Factor (HIF) Activators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anemia (low red blood cell count) in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing red blood cell levels, increasing delivery of oxygen to the tissues. ^[12]
Roxadustat	Hypoxia Indicuble Factor (HIF) Activators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anemia (low red blood cell count) in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing red blood cell levels, increasing delivery of oxygen to the tissues. ^[12]
Xenon	Hypoxia Indicuble Factor (HIF) Activators	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat anemia (low red blood cell count) in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing red blood cell levels, increasing delivery of oxygen to the tissues. ^[12]
Aminopterin	Immunosuppressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to suppress the immune system. ^[14] May affect performance by allowing horses with otherwise debilitating immune-mediated diseases to compete. ^[14]
Methotrexate	Immunosuppressants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to suppress the immune system. ^[14] May affect performance by allowing horses with otherwise debilitating immune-mediated diseases to compete. ^[14]
Azathioprine (Azamun, Azarek, Azathioprine, Azopi, Imuprin, Satedon, Zytrim)	Immunosuppressants	Controlled	Used therapeutically to suppress the immune system. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by allowing horses with otherwise debilitating immune-mediated diseases to compete. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Magnesium Sulfate Injection (MGS904)	Inorganic Compound	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat low magnesium levels in the blood and heart arrhythmias. ^[4]^[43] May affect performance by providing mild sedation. ^[89] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Potassium Bromide (Dibro-Be mono, Epilease, Bromapex, Epibrom)	Inorganic Compound	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Carbon Dioxide (CO₂)	Inorganic Compound	Controlled	Waste product of cellular metabolism. ^[14] May affect performance by improving muscle development and performance during endurance exercise. ^[109] Threshold substance, meaning low levels that might occur naturally are permitted. Measurements under 36 micrograms per litre of plasma are deemed acceptable.
Insulin Inhibitors	Diazoxide	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat low blood sugar. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing energy availability in the tissues. ^[14]
Leukotriene Receptor Antagonists	Montelukast (Brondilat, Montelast, singulair, Sungular)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat allergic rhinitis and asthma. ^[12] May affect performance by improving lung function. ^[12]
Amylocaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Articaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Benoxinate	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Butacaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Butanilicaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Butoxycaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Carticaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Capsaicin	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Chloralbutanol	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Chloroprocaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Cinchocaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Clibucaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Clormecaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Cocaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Cyclomethycaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Dibucaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Dimethisoquin	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Dyclonine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Etidocaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Hexylcaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Meprylcaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Naepaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Nonivamide (ABC Hydrogel-Warmepflaster, ABC Warme-Pflaster Sensitive, Gothaplast, Capsicum-Warmepflaster, Hansaplast ABC Warme-Pflaster Sensitive)	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Oxethazaine (Intracoat)	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Oxybuprocaine (Novesin, Novesine)	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Piperocaine (Metycaine Hydrochloride)	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Proparacaine/Proxymetacaine (Proxymetacaine, Minims Proxymetacaine, Alcaine)	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Propoxycaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Quinisocaine (Isochinol, Dimethisoquin, Haenal, Histaderme, Prulantex, Pruralgan, Pruralgin, Quinoleine, Quotane)	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Ropivacaine (Naropin)	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Tocainide (Tonocard)	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Tolycaine	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Trimecaine (Trimecaine HCL)	Local Anesthetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[7]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Benzocaine (Americaine, Anaestherit, Numzident, Orajel, SensoGARD, Sirop Dentition, Slim Mint, Topicaine, Zilabrace)	Local Anesthetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[4]^[5]^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Bupivacaine (Bupivacaine, Carbostesin, Duracaina, Marcaine, Sensorcaine)	Local Anesthetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[4]^[5]^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Lidocaine (Anestacon, Dalcaine Lidocaine, Laryng-O-Jet, Leostesin, Neo-Novutox, Rapidocaine, Xylocaine, Xylotox)	Local Anesthetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[4]^[5]^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] Detection times for lidocaine and mepivacaine are 48 hours. No detection times listed for the others. ^[2]
Mepivacaine (Carbocain, Carbocaine, Intra-Epicaine, Isocaine, Meaverin, Mepicaton, Mepivacaine, Mepivastesin, Polocaine, Scandicain, Scandicaine, Scandinibsa)	Local Anesthetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[4]^[5]^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] Detection times for lidocaine and mepivacaine are 48 hours. No detection times listed for the others. ^[2]
Pramoxine (Anugesic)	Local Anesthetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[4]^[5]^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Prilocaine (Citanest, Citocaina, Pristesin F, Xylonest, Xylonest-Octapressin)	Local Anesthetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[4]^[5]^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Procaine (Depocillin, Duphapen, Neopen)	Local Anesthetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[4]^[5]^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Tetracaine (Ametop, Minims Amethocaine Hydrochloride)	Local Anesthetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relieve pain and to induce loss of sensation. ^[4]^[5]^[44]^[45]^[46]^[47] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Nedocromil (Alocril, Tilade)	Mast Cell Stabilizer	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat allergic conditions such as asthma. ^[12] May affect performance by masking symptoms of allergic disease. ^[12]
Mebanazine	Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat depression in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood. ^[12]
Pargyline (Eudatin, Eutonyl, Eutonyl-Ten, Supirdyl)	Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat depression in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood. ^[12]
Tranylcypromine (Parnate, Jatrosom)	Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat depression in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood. ^[12]
Lithium	Mood Stabiliser	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Product used therapeutically to treat manic episodes in humans. ^[48] May affect performance by modifying mood and behavior. ^[90]
Letosteine	Mucolytic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to treat mucus accumulation. ^[12] May affect performance by improving respiratory function. ^[12]
Ambroxol (Mucosalvan, Ambril, Ambrosan, Amxol)	Mucolytic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat mucus accumulation. ^[12] May affect performance by improving respiratory function. ^[12] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Bromhexine (Brometix, Bromexidryl, Bronacim, Broncocalmine, Brondilax, Catarrosine, Clarus, Dibroxin, Expecetosan Extra Forte, Flumed, Funciobron B, Inquixol, Lisi-Tos, Lubrirhin, Namir, Pectoral, Pagliano, Tolmix, Toridran-N, Toscalmin, Tostop)	Mucolytic	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat mucus accumulation. ^[12] May affect performance by improving respiratory function. ^[12] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Alcuronium	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Atracurium	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Carisoprodol	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Chlorophenesin	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Chlorproethazine	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Chlorzoxazone	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Cyclobenzaprine	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Decamethonium	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Doxacurium	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Febaramate	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Gallamine	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Hexafluorenium	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Mephenesin	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Metaxalone	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Metocurine	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Mivacurium	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Orphenadrine	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Pancuronium (Bemicin, Bromurex, Curon-B, Panconium, Pancuron, Pancuronium, Parulon, Pavulon, Pavulone, Plumger)	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Phensuximide	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Pipecuronium (Aperomid, Arduan, Arpilon)	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Pridinol (Lyseen, Nonplesin, ParKS)	Muscle Relaxants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to cause muscle relaxation. ^[14] May affect performance by relaxing the muscles and potentially preventing unwanted movements or behaviours. ^[5]
Strychnine (Boomer-Rid, Certox, Estricnina, Gopher Bait, Gopher-Gitter, Hare-Rid, Kwik-Kil, Mole Death, Mouse-Nots, Mouse-Rid, Mouse-Tox, Pied Piper Mouse Seed, Ro-Dex, Sanaseed, Strychnos)	Muscular Convulsants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Product was formerly used therapeutically for a range of disorders and is also used as a poison. ^[50] May affect performance by stimulating the nervous system, resulting in increased muscle contraction. ^[91]
Acetylmorphine	Narcotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as a pain reliever and recreationally by humans. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and modifying behavior. ^[5]
Alfentanil	Narcotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as a pain reliever and recreationally by humans. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and modifying behavior. ^[5]
Dextromoramide	Narcotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as a pain reliever and recreationally by humans. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and modifying behavior. ^[5]
Diamorphine (Diamorf, Diamorphine, Diaphin)	Narcotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as a pain reliever and recreationally by humans. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and modifying behavior. ^[5]
Pentazocine (Fortral, Fortwin, Liticon, Pentafen, Pentalgina, Pentawin)	Narcotics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as a pain reliever and recreationally by humans. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain and modifying behavior. ^[5]
Ammonium Sulfate	Nerve-Blocking Agents	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Not used medically, but known to block nerve sensation when injected around nerves. ^[108] May affect performance by masking underlying pain. ^[12]
Ammonium Sulfide	Nerve-Blocking Agents	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Not used medically, but known to block nerve sensation when injected around nerves. ^[108] May affect performance by masking underlying pain. ^[12]
Butamben	Nerve-Blocking Agents	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Not used medically, but known to block nerve sensation when injected around nerves. ^[108] May affect performance by masking underlying pain. ^[12]
Haloperidol	Neuroleptics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by stabilizing mood and reducing anxiety. ^[12]
Mesoridazine	Neuroleptics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by stabilizing mood and reducing anxiety. ^[12]
Oxypertine	Neuroleptics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by stabilizing mood and reducing anxiety. ^[12]
Thioproperazine (Cephalmin, Majeptyl, Mazeptyl, Megeptil, Sulfenazin, Vontil)	Neuroleptics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat schizophrenia and other psychiatric disorders in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by stabilizing mood and reducing anxiety. ^[12]
Mecamylamine	Nicotine Antagonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat high blood pressure and nicotine dependence in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by reducing blood pressure and improving blood flow. ^[12]
Aminopicoline	Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to inhibit the production of nitric oxide. ^[12] May affect performance by promoting blood clotting. ^[12]
Memantine	N-Methyl D-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat Alzheimer's disease in people. ^[12] May affect performance by affecting and stabilizing mood. ^[12]
Acemetacin	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Alclofenac	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Ampyrone	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Antipyrine	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Apazone (Azapropazone)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Benorilate	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Benoxaprofen	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Benzydamine	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Biphenamine	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Bromfenac	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Bufexamac	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Celecoxib	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Cicloprofen	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Cinchophen	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Clonixin	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Diacerein	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Etodolac	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Etoricoxib	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Fenbufen	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Fenclofenac	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Fenclozic Acid	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Fenoprofen	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Fenspiride	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Feprazone	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Floctafenine	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Flufenamic Acid	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Flurbiprofen	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Indoprofen	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Isoxicam	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Kebuzone	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5]
Firocoxib (Equioxx, Previcox)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain and inflammation. ^[4]^[52]^[53]^[54]^[55] May affect performance by masking pain and inflammation and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection time: 336 hours ^[2]
Flunixin (Banamine, Citation, Cronyxin, Finadyne, Flumevet LA, Flunazine, Flunixin, Influx-50, Meflosyl, Suppressor, Supressor)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain and inflammation. ^[4]^[52]^[53]^[54]^[55] May affect performance by masking pain and inflammation and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection time: 144 hours ^[2]
Meloxicam (CO MEloxicam, Dom-Meloxicam, Gen-Meloxicam, Meloxicam, Metacam, Mobic, Mobicox, Movalis, Movatec, Novo-Meloxicam, Parocin, Petcam, PHL-Meloxicam, PMS-Meloxicam, Tenaron)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain and inflammation. ^[4]^[52]^[53]^[54]^[55] May affect performance by masking pain and inflammation and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection time: 72 hours ^[2]
Phenylbutazone (Alqoverin, Artrizin, Artropan, Azolid, Butacote, Butadion, Butagesic, Butalgina, Butaphen, Butapirazol, Butartril, Butazolidin, Butazone, Butoz, Butrex, Diossidone, Equipalazone, Fenilbutina, Inflazone, Intrabutazone, Malgesic, Promefin, Phenylarthrite)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain and inflammation. ^[4]^[52]^[53]^[54]^[55] May affect performance by masking pain and inflammation and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection time: 168 hours ^[2]
Carprofen (Imadyl, Rimadyl)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Deracoxib (Deramaxx)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Diclofenac (Algenac, Dichronic, Diclofenac, Diclo-Phlogont, Dolofenac, Doltarac, Neriodin, Reurmadil, Tsudohmin, Voltaren)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Dipyrone/Metamizole (Adolkin, Alginodia, Dolemicin, Lasain, Metilon, Minalgin, Neo-Melubrine, Nolotin, Novalgin, Novaminsulfon, Novemina, Optalgin, Vetalgin)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Eltenac (Telzenac)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Felbinac	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Fentiazac	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Grapiprant (Galliprant)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Ibuprofen (Actiprofen, Bifen, Brugesic, Burana, Dolgit, Faspic, Ibufen, Ibugel, Ibulece, Ibumax, Ibumed, Ibuprofen, Ibusal, Ibumetin, Ibutop, Junifen, Nurofen, Perofen, Rupan, Solufen)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Indomethacin (Confortid, Elmetacin, Imbrilon, Indocid, Indocin, Indocin-SR, Indochron E-R, Indometacin, Indomod)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Isopyrin (Ramifenazone)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Ketoprofen (Alrheumat, Capisten, Fastum, Kenhancer, Ketoartril, Ketofen, Ketoprofene, Meprofen, Orudis, Profenid, Tafirol)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Ketoprofen - 96 hours
Ketorolac (Acular, Ketorolac, Toradol, Tora-Dol)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Meclofenamic Acid	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Mesalamine/Mesalazine (Asacol, Delzicol, Lialda, Mezavant, Octasa, Pentasa, Salofalk, Zintasa)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Methylsalicylic Acid (Tubasal, Nemasol Sodium)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2] Salicylic acid is a threshold substance meaning low levels that might occur naturally are permitted. Measurements under 750 micrograms per milliliter of urine or 6.5 micrograms per milliliter of plasma are acceptable.
Olsalazine (Dipentum)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Oxyphenbutazone (Butafen, Californit, Phlogont, Tandearil, Tanderil)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Piroxicam (Antiflog, Artroxicam, B axo, Dexicam, Doblexan, Felden, Feldene, Flogobene, Improntal, Lampoflex, Larapam, Nirox, Novo-Pirocam, Piroftal, Polipirox, Reudene, Roxene, Roxiden, Sasulen, Vitaxicam, Zacam)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Salicylic Acid (Aspirin, Clearasil Medicated Astringent, Compound-W, Cornina, Coroplast, Egocappol, Fomac, Gehwol, Guttaplast, Gyan, Hydrisalic, Ionil Plus, Keralyt, Occlusal, Phytodermine, Salac, Salicyl, Saligel, SaSha, Sebcur, Subucare, Soluver, Squamasol, Verrugon)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2] Salicylic acid is a threshold substance meaning low levels that might occur naturally are permitted. Measurements under 750 micrograms per milliliter of urine or 6.5 micrograms per milliliter of plasma are acceptable.
Suprofen (Maldocil, Masterfen, Procofen, Profenal, Srendam, Sulproltin, Suprocil, Suprol, Sutoprofen)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Suxibuzone (Danilon)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Tenoxicam (Mobiflex, Tilcotil)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Valdecoxib (Bextra)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Vedaprofen (Quadrisol)	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce inflammation and manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14]^[56] May affect performance by masking pain, reducing inflammation, and increasing mobility. ^[5] Detection times: Others not listed ^[2]
Dermorphin	Opioid Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for their pain-relieving properties; some types are used to reverse opioid overdoses. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain or allowing horses treated with opioids to recover from treatment prior to competition. ^[14]
Diphenoxylate	Opioid Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for their pain-relieving properties; some types are used to reverse opioid overdoses. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain or allowing horses treated with opioids to recover from treatment prior to competition. ^[14]
Levallorphan	Opioid Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for their pain-relieving properties; some types are used to reverse opioid overdoses. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain or allowing horses treated with opioids to recover from treatment prior to competition. ^[14]
Naltrexone (Naltrexon Vitaflo, Revia, Relistol, Vivitrol)	Opioid Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for their pain-relieving properties; some types are used to reverse opioid overdoses. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain or allowing horses treated with opioids to recover from treatment prior to competition. ^[14]
Nalorphine (Nalline)	Opioid Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for their pain-relieving properties; some types are used to reverse opioid overdoses. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain or allowing horses treated with opioids to recover from treatment prior to competition. ^[14]
Nalmefene (Selincro)	Opioid Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for their pain-relieving properties; some types are used to reverse opioid overdoses. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain or allowing horses treated with opioids to recover from treatment prior to competition. ^[14]
Propiram (Dirame)	Opioid Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for their pain-relieving properties; some types are used to reverse opioid overdoses. ^[14] May affect performance by masking pain or allowing horses treated with opioids to recover from treatment prior to competition. ^[14]
Loperamide (Lopex, Imodium, Dimor, Pepto Diarrhea Control)	Opioid Agonists	Controlled	Used to treat diarrhea with pain-relieving properties. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Thebaine	Opioid Alkaloids	Banned	Thebaine is a specified substance, which are substances more likely to be accidentally ingested, through something like contamined food, than purposefully as a performance enhancing substance. Also known as paramorphine. It is similar structure to morphine, but with stimulatory properties.
Butorphanol (Beforal, Butorphanol, Butrum, Moradol, Stadol, Torbugesic, Torbutrol, Verstadol)	Opioid Antagonists	Controlled	Used to reverse opioid overdoses. ^[14] May affect performance by allowing horses treated with opioids to recover from treatment prior to competition. ^[14] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Naloxone (Naloxone HCI, Narcanti, Nexodal, Suboxone)	Opioid Antagonists	Controlled	Used to reverse opioid overdoses. ^[14] May affect performance by allowing horses treated with opioids to recover from treatment prior to competition. ^[14] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Alphaprodine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Anileridrine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Apocodeine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Apomorphine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Betaprodine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Carfentanil	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Conorphone	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Dextropropoxyphene	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Dezocine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Diethylthiambutene	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Dihydrocodeine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Dihydrocodeinone	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Dihydromorphine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Dipipanone	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Diprenorphine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Ethoheptazine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Ethylmorphine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Etonitazene	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Etorphine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Hydrocodone	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Hydromorphinol	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Hydromorphone	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Isotonitazene	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Levomethorphan	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Levorphanol	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Lofentanil	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Meconine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Meperidine Pethidine, Centralgine, Demarol, Demerol, Dispadol, Dolantin, Dolcontral, Dolosal, Lidol, Lydol, Meperidol, Nemerol, Pentantin, Pethanol, Pethidine, Petydyna, Piperosal, Piridosal	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Meptazinol	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Metazocine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Methyldihydromorphinone	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Metonitazene	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Morpheridine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Nalbuphine (Nubain)	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Oripavine	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Oxycodone	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Oxymorphone (Numorphan, Nucodan, Opana)	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Phenazocine (Narphen, Prinadol)	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Piminodine (Alvodine)	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Propoxyphene (Capadex, Darvon, Darvocet-N, Di-Antalvic, Di-Gesic, Lentogesic, Fustex*)	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Protonitazene	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Remifentanil (Ultiva)	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Sufentanil (Sufenta)	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Tilidin (Valoron)	Opioid	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to manage pain. ^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5]
Buprenorphine (Buprenex, Buprenorphine, Finibron, Prefin, Temgesic)	Opioids	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] Detection time for Butorphanol is 72 hours.^[2]
Butorphanol	Opioids	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] Detection time for Butorphanol is 72 hours.^[2]
Codeine (Analgiol, Bronchoforton Kodeinsaft, Codicaps, Codicept, Codiforton, Codocalyptol, Coducept, Eulyptan, Pneumogenol, Tussipect Mono)	Opioids	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] Other detection times not listed. ^[2]
Fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, Fentanest, Fentatil, Fentanyl, Pentanyl, Sentonil, Sublimaze)	Opioids	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] Other detection times not listed. ^[2]
Levomethadone (L-Polamidon, L-Polamidon C)	Opioids	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] Other detection times not listed. ^[2]
Methadone (Dolmed, L-Polamivet, Methadose, Westadone)	Opioids	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] Other detection times not listed. ^[2]
Morphine (Avinza, Duramorph, Kadian, Morphalgin, Morphine sulphate injection, MS-Contin, MST Continus, Oramorph, Roxanol, Sevredol)	Opioids	Controlled	Used therapeutically to manage pain. ^[4]^[5]^[14] May affect performance by masking pain. ^[5] Other detection times not listed. ^[2]
Dichloroacetate (Ditrei, Oxypangam, Sklerocedin N, Lactanase Injection)	Organic Acids	Controlled	Used to treat lactic acidosis and some types of cancers. ^[12] May affect performance by reducing lactic acid buildup during exercise. ^[12] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Ethanol	Organic Compounds	Controlled	Used as a disinfectant and antiseptic in medical contexts. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mental status. ^[12] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Acetohexamide	Pancreatic Stimulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used lower blood sugar as an anti-diabetic agent. ^[12] May affect performance by controlling blood glucose levels. ^[12]
Carbachol	Parasympathomimetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to increase smooth muscle tone, particularly in the GI tract, bladder, and eye. ^[14] May affect performance by enhancing smooth muscle contractions. ^[14]
Muscarine	Parasympathomimetics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to increase smooth muscle tone, particularly in the GI tract, bladder, and eye. ^[14] May affect performance by enhancing smooth muscle contractions. ^[14]
Aminorex (Menocil)	Parasympathomimetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to increase smooth muscle tone, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and eye. ^[14] May affect performance by enhancing smooth muscle contractions. ^[14] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Bethanechol (Duvoid, Myotonachol, Urecholine)	Parasympathomimetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to increase smooth muscle tone, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and eye. ^[14] May affect performance by enhancing smooth muscle contractions. ^[14] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Neostigmine (Neostigmin, Glycostigmin)	Parasympathomimetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to increase smooth muscle tone, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and eye. ^[14] May affect performance by enhancing smooth muscle contractions. ^[14] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Physostigmine (Calabarine, Cogmine, Eserine, Erserine, Eserine, Esromiotin, Ezerin, Isopto Eserine, Physostigmine 9599, Physostol)	Parasympathomimetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to increase smooth muscle tone, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract, bladder, and eye. ^[14] May affect performance by enhancing smooth muscle contractions. ^[14] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Demorphin	Peptide Opioid Receptor Agonists	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Natural opioid derived from the skin of frogs of the Phyllomedusa genus. ^[12] May affect performance by alleviating pain. ^[12]
Milrinone	Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat ocular diseases and heart failure. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow to the heart. ^[12]
Moxaverine (Certonal, Eupaverin, Eupaerine, Eupaverina, Kollateral)	Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat ocular diseases and heart failure. ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow to the heart. ^[12]
Medroxyprogesterone / Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera, Dilena, Divina, Enaf, Farlutes, Premelle, Provera)	Progestin	Banned	Used in the treatment of menstrual disorders (irregular periods, also menopause). Medroxyprogesterone is often used synonymously to "Medroxyprogesterone Acetate". The latter is usually the substance that is usually administered in practice. With all medications, a clinical judgement is essential to ensure that the welfare of the horse is never compromised by administering a drug at a time too close to an event such that it may mask symptoms and could aggravate a clinical condition. Horses with locomotor problems in particular must always be provided with adequate rest.
Chlorophenyl Piperazine	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Cyclopentamine	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Dibenzepin	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Fenozolone	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Harmaline	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Hydroxy-Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (Hydroxy-GABA)	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Ibogaine	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Methcathinone	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Methylmethcathinone	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Mianserin	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Nefazodone (Serzone, Nefadar)	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Opipramol (Ensidon, Insidon, Oprimol, Pramolan)	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Phenelzine (Nardelzine, Nardil, Phenalzine, Phenelezine, Stinerval)	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Thozalinone (Stimsen)	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Trifluoromethylphenyl Piperazine (Legal X)	Psychoactive Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as antidepressants, stimulants, and mood enhancers in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and activity levels. ^[12]
Bromophenethylamine	Psychodelics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as recreational drugs by humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and perception. ^[12]
Diethyltryptamine	Psychodelics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as recreational drugs by humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and perception. ^[12]
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)	Psychodelics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as recreational drugs by humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and perception. ^[12]
Psilocin	Psychodelics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as recreational drugs by humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and perception. ^[12]
Bromophenethylamine	Psychodelics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as recreational drugs by humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and perception. ^[12]
Diethyltryptamine	Psychodelics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as recreational drugs by humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and perception. ^[12]
Dimethyltryptamine (DMT)	Psychodelics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as recreational drugs by humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and perception. ^[12]
Psilocin	Psychodelics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as recreational drugs by humans. ^[12] May affect performance by altering mood and perception. ^[12]
Cannabis natural cannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and other cannabimimetics	Psychotropics	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used in humans therapeutically to reduce anxiety and manage pain and as a recreational drug. ^[59] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing anxiety. ^[59]
Myoinositol tripyrophosphate	Pyrophosphate	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] A component of metabolism pathways involved in cell growth and differentiation. Used to treat polycystic ovary syndrome in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by regulating cell metabolism and hormonal imbalances. ^[12]
Lucanthone	Radiation Sensitizer	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used as an anti-parasitic and to improve the effectiveness of radiation therapy. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing sensitivity to radiation-related treatments. ^[12]
Dimefline	Respiratory Stimulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma. ^[12] May affect performance by improving airflow and increasing the rate and depth of breathing. ^[12]
Ethamivan	Respiratory Stimulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma. ^[12] May affect performance by improving airflow and increasing the rate and depth of breathing. ^[12]
Lobeline	Respiratory Stimulants	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma. ^[12] May affect performance by improving airflow and increasing the rate and depth of breathing. ^[12]
Colchicine	Rheumatic Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat inflammatory conditions such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis. ^[12] May affect performance by having an anti-inflammatory effect. ^[12]
Democolcine	Rheumatic Drugs	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat inflammatory conditions such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis. ^[12] May affect performance by having an anti-inflammatory effect. ^[12]
Sulfasalazine	Rheumatic Drugs	Controlled	Used to treat inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis. ^[12] May affect performance by having an anti-inflammatory effect. ^[12] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Amobarbital	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Aprobarbital	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Apronalide	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Azaperone	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Barbital	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Beclamide	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Benzoctamine	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Bromisovalum	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Butabarbital	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Butalbital	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Carbromal	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Chloral Betaine	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Chloral Hydrate	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Chlormethiazole	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Chloroform	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Chlorpromazine	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Clomethiazole	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Cyclobarbital	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Embutramide	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Ethchlorvynol	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Ethinamate	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Ethylisobutrazine	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Etomidate	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Fluanisone	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Gamma-Butyrolactone/GBL (Prodrug of Gamma-butyrolactone (GHB))	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Glutethimide	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Guanabenz	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Hexobarbital	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Mebutamate	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Mephobarbital	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Methaqualone	Hypnotic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Metharbital	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Methohexital	Anesthetic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Methylprylon (Methyprylon, Dimerin, Methprylon, Noctan, Nodular)	Hypnotic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Oxaflumazine	Tranquilizer	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Pentobarbital (Embutal, Nembutal, Neodorm, Pentobarbital, Pentone, Sagatal, Sopental)	Barbiturate	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Phenobarbital (Aphenylbarbit, Aphenyletten, Comizial, Fenemal, Gardenale, Lethyl, Lumen, Luminaletten, Phenobarbitone, Sedofen, Solfoton)	Barbiturate	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Piperacetazine (Psymod, Quide)	Antipsychotic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Propallylonal (Quietal)	Hypnotic	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Proxibarbital (Ipronal)	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Pyrithyldione (Persedon)	Sedative	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Quinalbarbital (Barbosec, Bipanal, Bipinal, Evronal, Evrronal, Hypotrol, Hyptran, Imesonal, Immenox, Meballymal, Meballymalum, Novosecocarb, Quinalspan, Sebar, Secobarbital, Sedutain, Seotal, Sodium Seconal, Somosal, Synate, Trisomnin)	Barbiturate	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Valnoctamide (Axiquel, Nirvanil)	Anticonvulsant	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to reduce stress and anxiety, and in some cases to treat seizure disorders or manage pain. ^[14]^[61] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and producing a sedative effect. ^[14]^[92]
Acepromazine (ACP, Sedalin Gel, Atrovet, PromAce, Notensil, Acetylpromazine)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Detomidine (Domosedan, Dormosedan)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Diazepam (Complutine, Dialar, Diaquel, Diazemuls, Diazepam, Dienpax, Dizac, Ducene, Duradiazepam, Hexalid, Lamar, Relanium, Saromet, Stesolid, Valium)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Medetomidine (Domitor)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Methoxypromazine	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Midazolam (Midazolam HCI, Hypnovel ampoules, Midazolam solution)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Oxazepam (Alepam, Medopam, Murelax, Noripam, Ox-Pam, Purata, Serax, Serepax)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Promazine/Sedivet Solution IV (Liranol, Prazine, Protactyl, Sparine, Talofen)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Romifidine (Romifidene)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Valerenic Acid	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Zolazepam (Telazol)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Xylazine (Anased, Rompun, Sedaxylan, Sedazine, Xylamax, Xylazine)	Controlled	Controlled	Used therapeutically as muscle relaxants, to reduce stress and anxiety, pain relief and in some cases to treat seizure disorders. ^[4]^[5]^[19]^[55]^[60] May affect performance by reducing anxiety and causing muscle relaxation. ^[5] Detection time for Detomidine is 48 hours; others not listed. ^[2]
Andarine	Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve muscle mass, strength and physical function due to aging or illness in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing strength and muscle mass. ^[12]
Osterine (Enobosarm)	Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to improve muscle mass, strength and physical function due to aging or illness in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing strength and muscle mass. ^[12]
Atomoxetine	Selective Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by improving focus and reducing hyperactivity in horses. ^[12]
Butoctamide	Serotonin Release Stimulator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to prevent vomiting and nausea in humans. ^[12] May affect performance by masking gastrointestinal disease. ^[12]
DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide, Decap, Deltan, Demasorb, Demavet, Demeso, Demsodrox, Dermasorb, Dimexide, Dolicur, Doligur, Domoso, Dromisol, Durasorb, Gamasol 90, Hyadur, Infiltrina, Kemsol, Rimso 50, Sclerosol, Somipront, Syntexan, Topsyn)	Solvent	Controlled	Used therapeutically to reduce swelling, inflammation, and pain. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by masking pain and reducing inflammation. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Adrafinil	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Amfepramone	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Amfetaminil	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Amiphenazole	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Amphetamine	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for a variety of reasons including: ^[5]^[14]^[65]^[66]^[67] Amphetamine to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in humans. May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Amphetaminil	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Anilopam	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Arecoline	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Arsenic (Trisenox, Caparsolate, Histostat, 3-Nitro-Roxarsone, Pro-Gen Plus, Roxarsone, Sodium Cacodylate solutions, Cocci-Bol-o-tab)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Bemegride	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Benzoylecgonine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Benzphetamine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Benzylpiperazine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Bromantan	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Carphedon (Phenylpiracetam)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Cathine/Norpseudoephedrine (Adiposetten, Amorphan, Appetrol, Dietene, Miniscap, Minusin Depot, Mirapront N, Neo-Soldana, Nobese, Reduform, Thinz)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Chlorphentermine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Clobenzorex	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Cocaine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for a variety of reasons including: ^[5]^[14]^[65]^[66]^[67] Cocaine used in combination with other substances to test for denervation and as a recreational drug in humans. May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Cotinine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Cropropamide	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Crotehamide	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Desoxyephedrine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Dimethylamphetamine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Ecgonine methyl ester	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Ephedrine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for a variety of reasons including: ^[5]^[14]^[65]^[66]^[67] Ephedrine as a topical decongestant. May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Etamivan	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Ethylamphetamine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Etilefrine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Etodroxizine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Famprofazone	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Febutrazate	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Fencamfamine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Fencamine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Fenethylline/Fenetylline, Phenethylline/Phenetylline (Biocapton, Captagon, Fitton)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Fenfluramine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Fenproporex	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Fluorophenethylamine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Furfenorex	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Heptaminol	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Hydroxyamphetamine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Hydroxyephedrine (Oxilofrine)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Isometheptane	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Leptazole (Pentylenetetrazole)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Levophacetoperane	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Methylenedioxyethyl-amphetamine (MDEA)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine (MDMA)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Methylpseudoephedrine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Meclofenoxate	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Mefenorex	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Mefexamide	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Mephentermine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Mesocarb	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Metaraminol	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Methamphetamine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for a variety of reasons including: ^[5]^[14]^[65]^[66]^[67] Methamphetamine used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity in humans. May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Methylaminorex	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Methylephedrine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Methylphenidate	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Methylpseudoephedrine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Modafanil	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Morphedrine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Nicotine (Nicorette, Habitrol, Nicorol, Nicotinell)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used for a variety of reasons including: ^[5]^[14]^[65]^[66]^[67] Nicotine as a stimulant through tobacco or to treat nicotine withdrawal in humans. May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Nikethamide (Cardiamine, Cora, Coramina, Coramine, Corazone, Cormed, Kardonyl, Percoral)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Norcocaine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Norfenefrine (Energona, Esbuphon, Molycor-R, Nevadral, Norenol, Normetol, Novadral, Stagural, Vingsal, Zondel)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Norfenfluramine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Octopamine (Norden, Norfen, Norphen)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Pemoline (Cylert, Deltamine, Dynalert, Hyton ASA, Kethamed, Pemoline, Ronyl, Sigmadyn, Stimul, Tradon, Volital)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Pempidine (Perolysen)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Pentetrazol (Cardiazol, Cardiorapide, Metrazol)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Phendimetrazine (Adipost, Anorex, Antapentan, Bacarate, Bontril, Hyrex-105, Melfiat, Obesan-X, Phenazine, Plegine, PT-105)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Phenmetrazine (Preludin)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Phenpromethamine	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Phenylpropanolamine (Acutrim, Control, Dexatrim, Fugoa N, Kontexin, Monydrin, Procol, Propadrine, Propagest, Rhindecon, Rinexin)	Stimulant	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Phenylopropanolamine	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Pholedrine (Epifen, Isodrin, Isodrine, Isodrinum, Paredrinol, Pholetone, Promethin, Prometin, Pulsotyl, Stimatone, Sympropamin, Syncordan, Terapinyl, Varitol, Veritain, Veritol)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Picrotoxin (Cocculin)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Pipradol (Pipradrol, Meretran)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Piracetam (Avigilen, Cerebroforte, Cerebropan, Cerebrosteril, Cetam, Ciclofalina, Cuxabrain, Durapitrop, Encetrop, Memo-Puren, Noostan, Nootrop, Nootropil, Normabrain, Norzetam, Pirroxil, Psycoton)	Nootropic	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Prolintane (Promotil, Katovit N)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Propylhexedrine (Benzedrex, Eggobesin, Eventin, Eventine)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Protriptyline (Triptil, Vivactil)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed, Galpseud)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5] Used for a variety of reasons including: ^[5]^[14]^[65]^[66]^[67] Pseudoephedrine as an oral decongestant.
Selegiline (Eldepryl, Zelapar)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Sibutramine (Reductil)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Synephrine (Chibro, Symptatol, Uvicol)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Tuaminoheptane (Armeen L-&, Heptamine, Heptedrine, Heptin, Rinofluimucil, Rinoflumil, Rineptil, Rineptyl, Tuamine)	Stimulants	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[5]
Caffeine (Horse Power X, Exceed)	Stimulants	Controlled	Specified substances (defined as substances that are no less dangerous but are more likely to have been accidentally ingested through, for example, contaminated food) considered controlled medications. Theobromine is the stimulant in cacao. ^[14] Caffeine is the stimulant in coffee, tea, and other products. ^[14] May affect performance by increasing alertness and energy. ^[95] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Paraxanthine	Stimulants	Controlled	Specified substances; primary metabolite of caffeine. ^[14] May enhance alertness and focus. ^[95] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Theobromine (Theosalvose)	Stimulants	Controlled	Specified substances; naturally present in cacao. ^[14] Milder stimulant effects compared to caffeine. ^[95] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Dopamine (Cordodopa, Dopamine, Dynatra, Giludop, Hettytropin, Inotropin, Inovan, Intropin, Revimine, Revivan)	Stimulants	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat shock and cardiovascular disturbances. ^[4]^[5] Threshold substance, meaning low levels that might occur naturally are permitted. Measurements under 4 micrograms per milliliter of urine are deemed acceptable. No detection times listed. ^[2]
Doxapram (Docatone, Dopram, Doxapram, Doxapril, Stimulexin)	Stimulants	Controlled	Used therapeutically for a variety of purposes including: ^[2]^[4]^[5] Doxapram to stimulate respiration. No detection times listed. ^[2]
Hordenine (Victan)	Stimulants	Controlled	Used therapeutically for a variety of purposes ^[2]^[4]^[5] No detection times listed. ^[2]
Phenylephrine (Analux, Fenox, Isopto Frin, Minims Phenylephrine Hydrochloride, Mydfrin, Neo-Synephrine, Nostril, Prefrin, Visadron, Vistosan)	Stimulants	Controlled	Used therapeutically for a variety of purposes including: ^[2]^[4]^[5] Phenylephrine to treat low blood pressure. No detection times listed. ^[2]
Yohimbine (Yocon, Yocoral, Yohimbine, Yohimex)	Stimulants	Controlled	Used therapeutically for a variety of purposes including: ^[2]^[4]^[5] Yohimbine to counteract sedation. No detection times listed. ^[2]
Guanoclor	Sympatholytics	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[12]
Guanoxan	Sympatholytics	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure). ^[12] May affect performance by improving blood flow. ^[12]
1,3-Dimethylamylamine (Methylhexanamine, Methylhexaneamine, DMAA, Iron Tiger, Forthane, Geranamine, Floradrene)	Sympathomimetics	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to increase blood flow and relax airway muscles. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing cardiac output and blood distribution, increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Buphenine (Nylidrin, Arlibide, Arlidin, Diatolil, Dilatol, Dilydrin, Dilydrine Retard, Opino, Penitardon, Perdilatal Forte, Tocodilydrin, Tocodrine)	Sympathomimetics	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to increase blood flow and relax airway muscles. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing cardiac output and blood distribution, increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Isometheptene	Sympathomimetics	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to increase blood flow and relax airway muscles. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing cardiac output and blood distribution, increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Naphazoline (Clearine, Coldan, Murine Eye Drops, Naphcon, Naphcon Forte, Privine, Rhino-Mex-N, Transpulmina Rino, Vasocon)	Sympathomimetics	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to increase blood flow and relax airway muscles. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing cardiac output and blood distribution, increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Oxymetazoline	Sympathomimetics	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to increase blood flow and relax airway muscles. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing cardiac output and blood distribution, increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Protokylol (Asmetil, Beres, Caytine, Palison, Ventaire)	Sympathomimetics	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to increase blood flow and relax airway muscles. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing cardiac output and blood distribution, increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Tramazoline (Biciron, Ellatun, Rhinaspray, Rinogutt, Spray-Tish)	Sympathomimetics	Banned	Substances that are not to be used in or out of competition as they pose a significant risk to the horse and have a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically to increase blood flow and relax airway muscles. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing cardiac output and blood distribution, increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Dobutamine (Dobucard, Dobuject, Dobutamine, Dobutrex, Posiject)	Sympathomimetics	Controlled	Used therapeutically to increase the heart muscle contraction strength and improve blood pressure. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing cardiac output, increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Botulinum toxin (Botox)	Toxin	Banned	A substance used to induce nerve paralysis
Nordiazepam (Stilny, Vegesan, Calmday)	Tranquillizers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as tranquillizers. ^[5]^[70] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5]^[70]
Perphenazine (Decentan, Fentazin, Perfenil, Phenazine, Trilafon, Trilifan)	Tranquillizers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as tranquillizers. ^[5]^[70] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5]^[70]
Phenaglycodol (Ultran-Lily)	Tranquillizers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as tranquillizers. ^[5]^[70] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5]^[70]
Pipamazine	Tranquillizers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as tranquillizers. ^[5]^[70] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5]^[70]
Propiomazine (Largon)	Tranquillizers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as tranquillizers. ^[5]^[70] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5]^[70]
Propionylpromazine	Tranquillizers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as tranquillizers. ^[5]^[70] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5]^[70]
Rauwolfia	Tranquillizers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as tranquillizers. ^[5]^[70] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5]^[70]
Reserpine (Novoreserpine, Serpasil)	Tranquillizers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as tranquillizers. ^[5]^[70] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5]^[70]
Temazepam (Euhypnos, Normison, Temtabs)	Tranquillizers	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used therapeutically as tranquillizers. ^[5]^[70] May affect performance by producing a sedative effect. ^[5]^[70]
Etanercept	Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat autoimmune conditions in people. ^[12] May affect performance by having an anti-inflammatory effect. ^[12]
Infliximab	Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat autoimmune conditions in people. ^[12] May affect performance by having an anti-inflammatory effect. ^[12]
Tolvaptan (Samsca, Jinarc)	Vaptans	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat fluid retention. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing urine production, reducing body weight. ^[12]
Buflomedil	Vasoactive Agents	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat poor peripheral circulation. ^[12] May affect performance by improving circulation, increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Vasoconstrictors	Vasoconstrictor Agents	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to induce vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). ^[12] May affect performance by increasing blood pressure and preventing excessive bleeding. ^[12]
Isoxsuprine (Duvadilan, Fenam, Vadosilan, Vasosuprina Ilfi, Xuprin)	Vasodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to relax the blood vessels and as a potential treatment for navicular syndrome in horses. ^[4]^[5]^[71] May affect performance by increasing blood flow to the tissues, enhancing oxygen delivery. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Nitroglycerin (Nitromist, Nitrostat, Minitran)	Vasodilator	Controlled	Used therapeutically to dilate the veins in conditions like hypertension or congestive heart failure. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Amrinone	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Azapetine	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Cilostazol	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Cyclandelate	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Diisopropylamine	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Erythrityl tetranitrate	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Ethaverine	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Fenoldopam	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Hydralazine	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Iloprost	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Isosorbide Dinitrate	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Minoxidil	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Naftidrofuryl (Dusodril, Nafronyl, Praxilene)	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Papaverine (Artegodan, Ceraspan, Opdensit, Optendyl, Pameion, Panergon, Pavacap, Pavacen, Pavakey, Pavatym, Paveron, Qua-bid)	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Pentaerythritol Tetranitrate (Antime, Cardiacap, Cordilate, Dilcoran, Duotrate, Lentrat, MEntranil, Mycrardol, Mycartal, Niscodil, Nitrodex, Nitropent, Penritol, Pentafin, Pentanitrine, Pentral, Pentrit, Pentryate, Peritrate, Petrin, Quintrate)	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Pentifylline	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Phentolamine (Dibasin, Regitipe, Rigitine, Vasomax)	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Prenylamine (Segontin)	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Sildenafil (Viagra, Revatio)	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Vanillyl Butyl Ether (Black Horse Warming Liniment)	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Vardenafil (Levitra, Vivanza)	Vasodilator	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to dilate blood vessels in conditions like hypertension. ^[5] May affect performance by increasing blood flow thereby increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[5]
Aminoheptane	Vasopressor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat low blood pressure. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing blood pressure and increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Midodrine	Vasopressor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat low blood pressure. ^[12] May affect performance by increasing blood pressure and increasing oxygen delivery to the tissues. ^[12]
Pentoxifylline (Azutretat, Claudicat, Durapental, Hemovas, Pento-Puren, Rentylin, Tarontal, Terental, Torental, Trental)	Vasoprotective	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat circulatory problems. Pentoxifylline may be a potential treatment for navicular syndrome in horses. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow in small blood vessels. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Calcium Dobesilate (Dexium, Dobesifar, Doxium)	Vasoprotective	Controlled	Used therapeutically to treat circulatory problems. Pentoxifylline may be a potential treatment for navicular syndrome in horses. ^[4]^[5] May affect performance by improving blood flow in small blood vessels. ^[5] No detection time listed. ^[2]
Allopurinol	Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor	Banned	Not to be used in or out of competition as it poses a significant risk to the horse and has a high potential for affecting performance. ^[4] Used to treat conditions associated with high levels of uric acid in the body. ^[12] May affect performance by masking underlying disease. ^[12]

*Drug classifications in this database reflect the same categories used by the FEI for clarity and ease of use.

Frequently Asked Questions

Here are some frequently asked questions about FEI banned and controlled substances for horses:

What are FEI prohibited substances for horses?

What is the difference between a banned substance and a controlled medication in FEI competition?

Can my horse compete in FEI events if it was treated with a controlled medication?

Can supplements cause a positive drug test in FEI horses?

Are herbal or natural ingredients allowed in FEI competition horses?

What happens if my horse tests positive for a banned substance at an FEI event?

How can I check if a medication or ingredient is allowed before an FEI competition?

Why does the FEI regulate medications and substances in horses?

Do FEI prohibited substance withdrawal times guarantee that my horse will test negative?

Can accidental exposure to FEI prohibited substances happen in horses?

Summary

For many horses and riders, competing at FEI events is the pinnacle of equestrian achievement. Keeping these competitions fair and safe is the main priority, and understanding which performance-enhancing substances are prohibited is an important part of ensuring fair play.

The FEI's prohibited substances rules change as new information emerges. Always check the FEI website or your sport’s governing body before administering any substance to a horse.
Banned substances are those that have no therapeutic value or pose a high risk for performance enhancement and must never be used in competition horses.
Controlled medications have legitimate uses but must not be administered during the designated withdrawal period prior to an event.
These FEI regulations protect equine athletes and uphold fair play.

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FEI Banned & Controlled Substances for Horses: List of Performance-Enhancing Drugs

FEI Banned and Controlled Substances for Horses

Safety & Fair Play

Fédération Équestre Internationale

FEI Banned and Controlled Substances List

Frequently Asked Questions

Summary

References

About the Contributors

Sara Rice MSc.

Dr. Madison Ricard DVM, PhD, DACVP

Dr. Fran Rowe DVM, PAS

Our Editorial Standards

FEI Banned & Controlled Substances for Horses: List of Performance-Enhancing Drugs

FEI Banned and Controlled Substances for Horses

Safety & Fair Play

Fédération Équestre Internationale

FEI Banned and Controlled Substances List

Frequently Asked Questions

Summary

References

About the Contributors

Sara Rice MSc.

Dr. Madison Ricard DVM, PhD, DACVP

Dr. Fran Rowe DVM, PAS

Our Editorial Standards

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